Polyamines Attenuate Ethylene-Mediated Defense Responses to Abrogate Resistance to <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in Tomato

Nambeesan, Savithri U.; AbuQamar, Synan F.; Laluk, Kristin; Mattoo, Autar K.; Mickelbart, Michael V.; Ferruzzi, Mario G.; Mengiste, Tesfaye; Handa, Avtar K.

doi:10.1104/pp.111.188698

Cited by 107 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…Increased PA levels have been reported to enhance plant resistance to pathogens; on the other hand, spermidine-mediated susceptibility was enhanced by the reduction of ethylene production (Nambeesan et al, 2012). It is very likely that the physiological functions of PAs in stress tolerance are modulated by other hormones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Polyamine Biosynthesis Enhances Stress Tolerance by Preventing the Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species: T-DNA Mutational Analysis of Oryza sativa Lysine Decarboxylase-like Protein 1

Jang

Choi

et al. 2012

Molecules and Cells

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A highly oxidative stress-tolerant japonica rice line was isolated by T-DNA insertion mutation followed by screening in the presence of 50 mM H 2 O 2 . The T-DNA insertion was mapped to locus Os09g0547500, the gene product of which was annotated as lysine decarboxylase-like protein (GenBank accession No. AK062595). We termed this gene OsLDC-like 1, for Oryza sativa lysine decarboxylase-like 1. The insertion site was in the second exon and resulted in a 27 amino acid N-terminal deletion. Despite this defect in OsLDC-like 1, the mutant line exhibited enhanced accumulation of the polyamines (PAs) putrescine, spermidine, and spermine under conditions of oxidative stress. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mutant line was assessed by qRT-PCR analysis of NADPH oxidase (RbohD and RbohF), and by DCFH-DA staining. Cellular levels of ROS in osldc-like 1 leaves were significantly lower than those in the wild-type (WT) rice after exposure to oxidative, high salt and acid stresses. Exogenouslyapplied PAs such as spermidine and spermine significantly inhibited the stress-induced accumulation of ROS and cell damage in WT leaves. Additionally, the activities of ROS-detoxifying enzymes were increased in the homozygous mutant line in the presence or absence of H 2 O 2 . Thus, mutation of OsLDC-like 1 conferred an oxidative stress-tolerant phenotype. These results suggest that increased cellular PA levels have a physiological role in preventing stress-induced ROS and ethylene accumulation and the resultant cell damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Polyamine Biosynthesis Enhances Stress Tolerance by Preventing the Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species: T-DNA Mutational Analysis of Oryza sativa Lysine Decarboxylase-like Protein 1

Jang

Choi

et al. 2012

Molecules and Cells

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“…Ethylene infl uences the resistance and the susceptibility of plant tissues to pathogens. In cooperation with other hormones, ethylene activates defences against diverse pathogens, but ethylene also induces senescence or ripening, which facilitate susceptibility and infections by necrotrophs (Diaz et al 2002 ;Van Loon et al 2006 ;Cantu et al 2009 ;Nambeesan et al 2012 ;Rasul et al 2012 ; Van der Ent and Pieterse 2012 ).…”

Section: Ethylenementioning

confidence: 97%

Ripening of Tomato Fruit and Susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

Blanco‐Ulate

Vincenti

Powell

2015

Botrytis – The Fungus, the Pathogen and Its Management in Agricultural Systems

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Botrytis cinerea causes gray mold decay in the ripe fruit of many plant species leading to signifi cant economic losses for the producers, distributers and consumers of fresh and stored produce. This chapter summarizes current knowledge about the biology of a model fl eshy fruit, tomato, during B. cinerea infections. The information presented emphasizes how ripening regulation and events in the host infl uence resistance when fruit are unripe and susceptibility when fruit are ripe. Fruit ripening regulators (e.g., transcription factors, epigenetic modifi ers and hormones) and events unique to ripening that can impact the susceptibility of tomato fruit to B. cinerea are discussed. Understanding the processes in the fruit that underlie the shift from resistance to susceptibility during ripening and resolving how B. cinerea modifi es its strategies of infection in response to the developmental changes of the host may guide efforts to improve the resistance of fruit to B. cinerea and other fungal pathogens.

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“…Extensive studies have focused on PAs such as Put, Spd, and Spm (Gonzalez et al 2011;Nambeesan et al 2012;Kim et al 2013). In addition, T-Spm has been shown to regulate vascular formation and the elongation of stem internodes (Hanzawa et al 2000;Muñiz et al 2008).…”

Section: Biological Functions Of Acl5 and T-spm In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expression by the gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes GA 20-oxidase and other related genes, is affected in acl5 plants, suggesting that AtACL5 functions downstream of GA-response pathways (Hanzawa et al 2000). Whereas both auxin and GA have critical roles in normal plant growth, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene all mediate defense pathways that restrict pathogen proliferation and disease development (Nambeesan et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cotton ACAULIS5 is involved in stem elongation and the plant defense response to Verticillium dahliae through thermospermine alteration

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Plant Cell Rep

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Overexpression of GhACL5 , an ACAULIS5 from cotton, in Arabidopsis increased plant height and T-Spm level. Silencing of GhACL5 in cotton exhibited a dwarf phenotype and reduced resistance to Verticillium dahliae. The Arabidopsis thaliana gene ACAULIS5 (ACL5), for which inactivation causes a defect in stem elongation, encodes thermospermine (T-Spm) synthase. However, limited information is available about improvement in plant height by the overexpression of ACL5 gene, and the biological functions of ACL5 genes in response to biotic stress. Here, this study reports that constitutive expression of the cotton ACL5 gene (GhACL5) in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly increased plant height and elevated the level of T-Spm. Silencing of that gene in cotton reduced the amount of T-Spm and led to a severe dwarf phenotype. Expression of GhACL5 was induced upon treatment with the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae and plant hormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene in resistant cotton plants, but gene silencing in cotton enhanced their susceptibility to V. dahliae infection. Furthermore, T-Spm exposure effectively inhibited V. dahliae growth in vitro. In summary, GhACL5 expression is related to in planta levels of T-Spm and is involved in stem elongation and defense responses against V. dahliae.

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Polyamines Attenuate Ethylene-Mediated Defense Responses to Abrogate Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Tomato

Cited by 107 publications

References 93 publications

Increased Polyamine Biosynthesis Enhances Stress Tolerance by Preventing the Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species: T-DNA Mutational Analysis of Oryza sativa Lysine Decarboxylase-like Protein 1

Increased Polyamine Biosynthesis Enhances Stress Tolerance by Preventing the Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species: T-DNA Mutational Analysis of Oryza sativa Lysine Decarboxylase-like Protein 1

Ripening of Tomato Fruit and Susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea

Cotton ACAULIS5 is involved in stem elongation and the plant defense response to Verticillium dahliae through thermospermine alteration

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