Polyamine metabolism in ‘green‐islands’ on powdery mildew‐infected barley leaves: possible interactions with senescence

Coghlan, S.; Walters, Dale R.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00527.x

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Related studies have shown that inhibition of either ACC synthase or ACCOx activity can result in redirection of S-adenosylmethionine into the polyamine biosynthetic pathway and, as a consequence, result in further reductions of ACCox activity (14). Increased barley leaf polyamine levels implicate a parasite-induced enhancement of polyamine biosynthesis in the "green island" (10) effect and a coincident decrease in ethylene biosynthesis by leaves. Similarly, VAM infection has been shown to increase the level of intermediates (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Responses of Potato to Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi under Varying Abiotic Phosphorus Levels

McArthur¹,

Knowles²

1992

Plant Physiol.

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In mycorrhizal symbioses, susceptibility of a host plant to infection by fungi is influenced by environmental factors, especially the availability of soil phosphorus. This study describes morphological and biochemical details of interactions between a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus and potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Russet Burbank) plants, with a particular focus on the physiological basis for P-induced resistance of roots to infection. Root infection by the VAM fungus Glomus fasciculatum ([Thaxt. sensu Gerdemann] Gerdemann and Trappe) was extensive for plants grown with low abiotic P supply, and plant biomass accumulation was enhanced by the symbiosis. The capacity of excised roots from P-deficient plants to produce ethylene in the presence or absence of exogenous 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was markedly reduced by VAM infection. This apparent inhibition of ACC oxidase (ACCOX) activity was localized to areas containing infected roots, as demonstrated in split-root studies. Furthermore, leachate from VAM roots contained a potent water-soluble inhibitor of ethylene generation from exogenous ACC by nonmycorrhizal (NM) roots. The leachate from VAM-infected roots had a higher concentration of phenolics, relative to that from NM roots. Moreover, the rates of ethylene formation and phenolic concentration in leachates from VAM roots were inversely correlated, suggesting that this inhibitor may be of a phenolic nature. The specific activity of extracellular peroxidase recovered in root leachates was not stimulated by VAM infection, although activity on a fresh weight basis was significantly enhanced, reflecting the fact that VAM roots had higher protein content than NM roots. Polyphenol oxidase activity of roots did not differ between NM and VAM roots. These results characterize the low resistance response of P-deficient plants to VAM infection. When plants were grown with higher abiotic P supply, the relative benefit of the VAM symbiosis to plant growth decreased and root infection was lower. The in vivo ACCOX activity was also greater in roots of plants grown on high levels of P compared with those grown on low levels, although the influence of VAM infection was partially to counteract the nutritional effect of P on ACCOX activity. Similar to ACCOX activity, extracellular peroxidase activity of roots increased linearly with increasing abiotic P supply, thus indicating a greater potential for resistance to VAM infection. These findings suggest that VAM fungi may alter phenolic metabolism of roots so as to hinder ethylene production and the root's ability to invoke a defense response. Raising the abiotic P supply to plants at least partially restores the capacity of roots to produce ethylene and may, in this way, increase the root's resistance to VAM infection. The VAM2 fungi are a small and distinct group of obligate, symbiotic fungi that are capable of association with roots of most terrestrial vascular plants (20). In exchange for photoassimilates, VAM fungi contribute to t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Responses of Potato to Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi under Varying Abiotic Phosphorus Levels

McArthur¹,

Knowles²

1992

Plant Physiol.

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“…(Greenland and Lewis, 1984) or Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei [9]. Similarly, accumulation of the free and conjugated forms of SPD was found already after 3 days and of SPM 7 days after powdery mildew infection, in both susceptible and resistant wheat genotypes.…”

Section: Plant-pathogen Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Role of polyamine metabolism in plant pathogen interactions

M¹

2017

J Plant Sci Phytopathol

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Polyamines are aliphatic amines found in all living cells, and they are necessary for several fundamental cell processes. Their protective role against various abiotic stress factors has been reported in different plant species, while the mechanism by which polyamines act during plantmicrobe interaction is still poorly understood. The several types of the interactions between the plants and the microbes outline a divers and complex picture of the action mechanisms. The present review focuses on this aspect of the mode of action of polyamines and polyamine metabolism during biotroph and necrotroph interactions between plants and pathogens. It seems that apoplastic metabolism of polyamines of the host and the accumulation of H2O2 as a result of polyamine catabolism play important signalling role in plant-pathogen interactions. The manipulation of the members of the polyamine-induced signalling pathways could increase the host plant resistance to biotic stresses.

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“…Polyamines were determined as described previously (Coghlan & Walters, 1990). Briefly, to a 0.2 ml aliquot of the perchloric acid extract was added sufficient Na 2 CO 3 to bring the pH to 10.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activities of ODC and AdoMetDC were assayed as described in detail by Coghlan & Walters (1990), and PAO was assayed as described by Cowley & Walters (2002). All values are the means of four replicates, and each experiment was repeated twice with similar results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and systemic changes in arginine decarboxylase activity, putrescine levels and putrescine catabolism in wounded oilseed rape

Cowley¹,

Walters²

2004

New Phytologist

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Summary• Here we report the effect of mechanical wounding on putrescine biosynthesis and catabolism in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ssp. oleifera ).• The lamina of first leaves was wounded by crushing with forceps, and first and second leaves were harvested at various intervals over a 24 h period. Levels of free polyamines were measured and activities of enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis and catabolism were assayed in the harvested tissue.• Mechanical wounding of the first leaves led to significant, but transient, increases in arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity and levels of free putrescine in the wounded first leaf and in unwounded second leaves. The increased putrescine appeared to be the result of a combination of increased ADC activity, coupled with reduced putrescine catabolism, as activity of the oxidative enzyme diamine oxidase was significantly reduced following wounding, both locally and systemically.• The role of the increased free putrescine in the wound response of oilseed rape is not known, although the possibility that it is used to form putrescine conjugates is worthy of further investigation.

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Polyamine metabolism in ‘green‐islands’ on powdery mildew‐infected barley leaves: possible interactions with senescence

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Resistance Responses of Potato to Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi under Varying Abiotic Phosphorus Levels

Resistance Responses of Potato to Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi under Varying Abiotic Phosphorus Levels

Role of polyamine metabolism in plant pathogen interactions

Local and systemic changes in arginine decarboxylase activity, putrescine levels and putrescine catabolism in wounded oilseed rape

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