Polyamine Distributions in Thermophilic Eubacteria Belonging to Thermus and Acidothermus

Abstract

Triamines such as norspermidine, spermidine, and homospermidine and tetraamines such as norspermine, spermine, thermospermine, and aminopropylhomospermidine were found to be distributed ubiquitously in the eight extremely thermophilic (growing at 70 degrees C) Thermus species tested. Three linear pentaamine (caldopentamine, homocaldopentamine, and thermopentamine), two linear hexaamines (caldohexamine and homocaldohexamine), two tertiary branched tetraamines (N4-aminopropylnorspermidine and N4-aminopropyl-spermidine), and quaternary branched pentaamines such as N4-bis(aminopropyl)norspermidine and N4-bis(aminopropyl)spermidine were detected in T. thermophilus HB8, T. filiformis Wai33 A1, T. flavus AT-62, and T. caldophilus GK24. The linear hexaamines and branched polyamines were absent in T. aquaticus YT-1, T. sp. X-1, T. sp. T2, and T. sp. T351, in which linear pentaamines were minor components. Moderately thermophilic Thermus ruber and Thermus sp. K-2 contained putrescine, spermidine, norspermidine, homospermidine, spermine, norspermine, thermospermine, and aminopropylhomospermidine. No pentaamines, hexaamines, or branched polyamines were found in these two moderately thermophilic Thermus species. On the other hand, moderately thermophilic, acidophilic Acidothermus cellulolyticus was devoid of all the polyamines.

Polyamine analysis for chemotaxonomy of thermophilic eubacteria: Polyamine distribution profiles within the orders Aquificales, Thermotogales, Thermodesulfobacteriales, Thermales, Thermoanaerobacteriales, Clostridiales and Bacillales

“…Penta-amines increased at higher growth temperature of T. thermophilus. A new species of the genus Meiothermus, M. taiwanensis had a polyamine pattern similar to that of the three Meiothermus species previously reported (Hamana et al, 1991(Hamana et al, , 1998(Hamana et al, , 1999. Spermidine, homospermidine and spermine were found as the major polyamine and norspermidine and norspermine were minor in the moderately thermophilic genus Meiothermus growing at 55-60°C.…”

“…Six Thermus species previously analyzed contained many triamines, tetra-amines and penta-amines (Hamana et al, 1991(Hamana et al, , 1998(Hamana et al, , 1999, as listed in Table 1. A branched tetra-amine, N 4 -aminopropylnorspermidine, and a branched penta-amine, N 4 -bis(aminopropyl)norspermidine, have been detected in two of the six species.…”

Polyamine analysis of thermophilic, acidophilic, alkaliphilic and radio-tolerant bacteria belonging to the domain Bacteria and methanogens, thermophiles and extreme halophiles belonging to the domain Archaea-Polyamine catalogues of bacterial (eubacterial) and archaeal (archaebacterial) extremophiles IV-

“…Cellular polyamine analyses of many species of the extremely thermophilic genus Thermus belonging to the order Thermales (family Thermaceae) have been reported 12,13,17,19,20,24) .…”

Occurrence of two novel linear penta-amines, pyropentamine and homopyropentamine, in extremely thermophilic <i>Thermus composti</i>

“…including slight halophiles and slight alkaliphiles, 3344 and 3443 have not been found in those grown at 70-75∞C (Hamana et al, 1991b(Hamana et al, , 1992a(Hamana et al, , 1996(Hamana et al, , 1998(Hamana et al, , 1999(Hamana et al, , 2008(Hamana et al, , 2009(Hamana et al, , 2014Hosoya et al, 2004). Most Thermus strains have been isolated from terrestrial hot springs or marine geothermal areas; therefore, the occurrence of the two novel penta-amines 3344 and 3443 in neutrophilic, non-halophilic T. composti JCM 19902 T (=DSM 21686 T ), isolated from an artificial oyster mushroom compost in Hungary (Vajna et al, 2012), is interesting with regard to its growth environment.…”