Polyamine-Activated Polymerization Comparison of Polyalkylene Polyamines.

Whitby, George Stafford; Wellman, N.; Floutz, V. W.; Stephens, Howard L.

doi:10.1021/ie50483a017

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…A number of reports10–13 have appeared on the grafting of vinyl monomers such as MMA or ST onto NR latex particles using an amine‐activated hydroperoxide. Hydroperoxides have been found to be particularly susceptible to activation by polyalkylenepolyamines 14. The redox initiation system consisting of organic hydroperoxide and tetraethylenepentamine was chosen because it operates efficiently at the high pH values normally encountered in NR latex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition Metal Complexes of a Salen–Fullerene Diad: Redox and Catalytically Active Nanostructures for Delivery of Metals in Nanotubes

Lebedeva

Chamberlain

Davies

et al. 2013

Chemistry A European J

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A covalently-linked salen-C60 (H2L) assembly binds a range of transition metal cations in close proximity to the fullerene cage to give complexes [M(L)] (M=Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd), [MCl(L)] (M=Cr, Fe) and [V(O)L]. Attaching salen covalently to the C60 cage only marginally slows down metal binding at the salen functionality compared to metal binding to free salen. Coordination of metal cations to salen-C60 introduces to these fullerene derivatives strong absorption bands across the visible spectrum from 400 to 630 nm, the optical features of which are controlled by the nature of the transition metal. The redox properties of the metal-salen-C60 complexes are determined both by the fullerene and by the nature of the transition metal, enabling the generation of a wide range of fullerene-containing charged species, some of which possess two or more unpaired electrons. The presence of the fullerene cage enhances the affinity of these complexes for carbon nanostructures, such as single-, double- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphitised carbon nanofibres, without detrimental effects on the catalytic activity of the metal centre, as demonstrated in styrene oxidation catalysed by [Cu(L)]. This approach shows promise for applications of salen-C60 complexes in heterogeneous catalysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition Metal Complexes of a Salen–Fullerene Diad: Redox and Catalytically Active Nanostructures for Delivery of Metals in Nanotubes

Lebedeva

Chamberlain

Davies

et al. 2013

Chemistry A European J

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“…The graft copolymer of vinyl monomers onto NR comprising the rubbery core makes up for the defects without the loss of the outstanding properties because NR is grafted with a small amount of functional polymer when the polymer forms a nanomatrix. A number of reports3, 4, 8–10 have appeared on the grafting of vinyl monomers onto NRL particles with an amine‐activated hydroperoxide. Hydroperoxides have been found to be particularly susceptible to activation by polyalkylenepolyamines 10.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of reports3, 4, 8–10 have appeared on the grafting of vinyl monomers onto NRL particles with an amine‐activated hydroperoxide. Hydroperoxides have been found to be particularly susceptible to activation by polyalkylenepolyamines 10. A redox initiation system consisting of organic hydroperoxide and tetraethylene pentamine [TEPA or HN(CH 2 CH 2 NHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 2 ] was chosen for this study because it operates efficiently at the high pH values normally encountered in NRL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of a natural rubber core/polymer shell in a nanomatrix by graft copolymerization

Arayapranee

Rempel

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The grafting of a vinyl monomer, methyl methacrylate (MMA) or styrene (ST), onto a natural rubber (NR) exhibited a core-shell structure, with NR as the core and poly(methyl methacrylate) or polystyrene as the shell. The grafting efficiency (GE) of the graft copolymer was determined by a solvent-extraction technique. The synthesized graft copolymer was purified and then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The effects of the graft parameters, including time, initiator content, and concentration, and the type of monomer, MMA or ST, were investigated. A longer time was favorable for the graft copolymerization. GE first increased and then decreased with increasing concentration of initiator. GE decreased with increasing monomer content, and it was confirmed that the graft copolymerization was a surface-controlled process. The grafting ST monomer had a higher GE compared to MMA under the same conditions. The characterization of the particles by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of a core-shell structure. From the micrographs, we inferred that at 71% GE, the NR seed particle had a complete closed shell several nanometers in thickness. Therefore, the NR particle was dispersed in a polymer nanomatrix.

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“…Emphasis is placed on radiation16–18 and redox systems 19–23. Among the redox initiators, hydroperoxides were found to be particularly susceptible to activation by polyalkylenepolyamines 24–26. Whitby et al24 studied the polyamines used as activators in the cumene hydroperoxide (CHPO)‐catalyzed emulsion polymerization of a 70 : 30 mixture of butadiene:styrene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factorial experimental design for graft copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate onto styrene–butadiene rubber

Arayapranee

Prasassarakich

Rempel

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The graft copolymerization of styrene (ST) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization has been studied under various reaction conditions using cumene hydroperoxide redox initiator. The mechanism of graft copolymerization has been investigated. The synthesized graft copolymers were purified and then characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) analysis. A 2 2 IV 6 -2 fractional factorial experimental design was applied to study the effects of the process variables such as the amount of initiator and emulsifier, the presence or absence of chain-transfer agent, ST to MMA ratio, monomer to rubber ratio, and reaction temperature on the grafting efficiency. The analysis of the results from the design showed the sequence of the main effect on the observed response of the grafting of ST and MMA onto SBR and that the amount of chain-transfer agent had a significant effect. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the graft copolymers.

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Polyamine-Activated Polymerization Comparison of Polyalkylene Polyamines.

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Transition Metal Complexes of a Salen–Fullerene Diad: Redox and Catalytically Active Nanostructures for Delivery of Metals in Nanotubes

Transition Metal Complexes of a Salen–Fullerene Diad: Redox and Catalytically Active Nanostructures for Delivery of Metals in Nanotubes

Preparation of a natural rubber core/polymer shell in a nanomatrix by graft copolymerization

Factorial experimental design for graft copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate onto styrene–butadiene rubber

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