Polyamide 6–wheat straw composites: Effects of additives on physical and mechanical properties of the composite

Abstract

Polyamide 6 was modified with lithium chloride (LiCl) salt and N‐butyl benzenesulfonamide (N‐BBSA) plasticizer (additives). The modification was done in order to develop an environmentally friendly composite, composed of wheat straw (WS). A 15 wt% of ground WS was compounded with Polyamide 6 along with the additives. Addition of LiCl decreased the melting point of the matrix, allowing for a lower compounding temperature. However, a pseudo‐crosslinking formation upon addition of salt limited the polymer chain movement and restricted the processing temperature. LiCl addition increased the tensile and flexural modulus of the composite, but decreased the tensile and flexural strength. Decrease in the strength was found to be related to the increase in the residence time of material during extrusion causing severe WS thermal degradation. Addition of N‐BBSA eased the processing due to lubrication effect, however, when used in excess, lowered the flexural modulus and strength. Addition of WS to Polyamide 6 increased the modulus of the matrix. Matrix tensile modulus and flexural modulus were enhanced by 27%; however, a decrease in strength of the matrix was obtained. Addition of WS, LiCl, and plasticizer lowered the impact properties of Polyamide 6. It was concluded that combination of 2 wt% LiCl and of 2 wt% N‐BBSA gives the best mechanical properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers

Heat treated wood–nylon 6 composites

“…Impact strength was reduced 76% and 81% with the addition 30 wt.% heat treated pine and 30 wt% heat treated maple wood compared to neat nylon 6, respectively ( Table 4). The decrease in impact strength after addition of lignocellulosic fillers was also reported by Amintowlieh et al, Kiziltas, Xu, and Ozen et al for wheat straw, MCC, alpha cellulose and natural fibers blend-filled nylon 6 composites [6,16,17,39]. Increasing lignocellulosic filler content increases the amount of interfacial regions which can cause crack propagation and addition of these lignocellulosic fillers might cause polymer immobility, and that can contribute to lower impact strength [40].…”

Resposta à flexão e análise de tenacidade de argamassas reforçadas com fibra de Curauá

“…Vale ressaltar que o compósito com maior fração volumétrica e maior comprimento de fibra (3%CRF45) apresentou um comportamento diferenciando comparado aos demais compósitos reforçado, isso pode ser atribuído a dificuldade de moldagem do mesmo o que influenciou em sua homogeneidade, pois seu comportamento não corresponde ao apresentado pela literatura [23], [24], [25] Com intenção de caracterizar a tenacidade dos compósitos e comparar o desempenho de diferentes frações e comprimentos de fibras, foram determinados, através das curvas de carga por deslocamento, os ín-dices I 5, I 10 , I 20 e I 30 propostos pela norma ASTM C1609, Standard test method for flexural performance of Fiber-Reinforced concret (Using Beam with third-point loading) [13] os valores de F t e T jcl , propostos pelo método japonês JSCE -SF4-Method of tests for flexural strength and flexural toughness of steel fiber reinforced concrete [15], além dos índices de resistência e o fator de tenacidade propostos pela norma belga NBN B 15-238 Tests on fibre reinforced concret -Bending test on prismatic sample [14].…”

Effect of Surface Treatment on the Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibers Reinforced Polyamide 6 Composites

“…where H f is the apparent melt enthalpy of PALF/polyamide 6 composite, H f is the melt enthalpy of 100% crystalline polyamide 6 (190 J/g) [12], and w PA6 is the weight fraction of polyamide 6 containing in the composite.…”

“…It is a semi-crystalline engineering thermoplastic which properly used for creep resistance, stiffness, and some toughness in requirements of applications with weight and cost saving [11] such as under hood applications in automotive industry [12]. Despite both polyamide 6 and PALF are hydrophilic in nature and showing good compatibility between them [13], the improvement of interfacial adhesion by fiber surface treatments has been interested to be explored.…”