Polyacrylamides and Poly(Acrylic Acids)

Herth, Gregor; Schornick, Gunnar; Buchholz, Fredric L.

doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_143.pub2

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…(1) to calculate the left part of eq 10, another new value of the activation energy E a (2) is also estimated from the slope (−E a /R) of the straight line vs 1000/T.…”

Section: Differential Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloidal Gibbsite Nanoparticle/Polyacrylamide Composites for Flame-Retardant Materials

Trung,

Nguyen,

Mishra

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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nanomaterials have many potential applications. Herein, 2D colloidal gibbsite (GS) nanoparticles, [γ-Al(OH) 3 ], dispersed easily in water, are used as an effective filler for polyacrylamide (PAM) to improve their thermal degradation behaviors for applied fields in flame retardants. A composite containing 10.0 wt % GS retains more than 30.8 wt % noninflammable residues after pyrolysis (900 °C). The kinetics and thermodynamics of PAM and GS/PAM have been elaborately investigated using thermogravimetric analysis for the first time. The kinetic (activation energy, pre-exponential factor, reaction order) and thermodynamic (ΔH, ΔG, ΔS) parameters during the major decomposition zone (330−460 °C) are determined by applying Van Krevelen, Horowitz−Metzger, Coats−Redfern, Broido, Madhusudanan, Arrhenius, and Bagchi models. The results show that as the content of GS or acrylamide in composites increases, their activation energy increases or decreases, respectively. For a composite containing 10.0 wt % GS and 30.0 wt % acrylamide, compared to PAM, the activation energy reaches the highest value of 362.720 kJ/mol, the ignition time is 125 s longer, and the peak heat release rate and total heat release diminish by 44.5 and 68.8%, respectively. The presence of a kinetic compensation effect is also evident. The as-prepared GS/acrylamide is an aqueous dispersion and is hence easily surface-coated onto other flammable foams or materials by blade-coating or dipping. Our studies contribute to understanding 2D GS-blended nanocomposites in their applications as flame retardants or fire-resistant membranes.

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“…(1) to calculate the left part of eq 10, another new value of the activation energy E a (2) is also estimated from the slope (−E a /R) of the straight line vs 1000/T.…”

Section: Differential Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloidal Gibbsite Nanoparticle/Polyacrylamide Composites for Flame-Retardant Materials

Trung,

Nguyen,

Mishra

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…PAA is highly hydrophilic and is known as a superabsorbent which can absorb water in amounts corresponding to several hundred times its weight, which may hinder water evaporation from the GPE. 42,43 The slower dehydration rate of GPE-KOH-KI may be attributed to the hydration of K + and I − that improved the attraction between ions and water molecules. 36 When tested in an environment with an 85% relative humidity (RH), Fig.…”

Section: Characterization Of Gel Polymer Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature tolerant poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) gel polymer electrolytes for rechargeable zinc–air batteries

et al. 2023

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“…PAM also contributes to coarse particle stability when it penetrates into void spaces, increasing the mean weight diameter of the soil particles. Since larger soil particles are more resistant to erosion, these two mechanisms are an important contribution to PAM’s erosion performance ( 16 ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Polyacrylamide Concentration in Construction Stormwater Runoff Using an ASTM D6459 Rainfall Simulator

Manning

Perez

Donald

2022

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a polymer used in construction stormwater management as both an erosion and sediment control measure. PAM is considered one of the environmentally safest polymers on the market, however overapplication concerns dictate that large quantities in runoff be avoided. For slope erosion applications, ensuring proper concentration requires methods for testing residual concentrations. This research investigated residual concentrations of PAM when dry-applied at a rate of 25 lb/acre (28 kg/ha) for slope stabilization and subjected to 1-h of simulated rainfall following ASTM D6459-19 protocols at three 20-min successive 2-, 4-, and 6-in./h (5-, 10-, and 15-cm/h) intensities. Residual concentrations were determined by centrifuging runoff samples to remove soil and reading absorbance from an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer, comparing values to those at known concentrations. Concentrations in collected runoff samples were found to surpass values found in previous research and in other PAM applications, especially during first flush, and were high enough to affect water viscosity. An alternative application method is presented that may mitigate PAM runoff concentration. The spectrometry method was also used to highlight the possibility that polymers used in hydromulches may also deposit excess concentrations in stormwater runoff, and that formal residual testing of such products is warranted. The processes used for this study demonstrated how discharge may be monitored and regulated to minimize undesirable runoff conditions from construction sites and underscore the importance of appropriate design and implementation when using additives for erosion control.

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Polyacrylamides and Poly(Acrylic Acids)

Cited by 18 publications

References 77 publications

Colloidal Gibbsite Nanoparticle/Polyacrylamide Composites for Flame-Retardant Materials

Colloidal Gibbsite Nanoparticle/Polyacrylamide Composites for Flame-Retardant Materials

Low-temperature tolerant poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) gel polymer electrolytes for rechargeable zinc–air batteries

Assessment of Polyacrylamide Concentration in Construction Stormwater Runoff Using an ASTM D6459 Rainfall Simulator

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