Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) Composite Nanofibers Incorporating Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Simvastatin for Bone Tissue Regeneration and Drug Delivery Applications

Abstract

Herein, we report a drug eluting scaffold composed of a composite nanofibers of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) loaded with Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) and simvastatin (SIM) mimicking the bone extracellular matrix (ECM) to improve bone cell proliferation and regeneration process. Indeed, the addition of PGS results in a slight increase in the average fiber diameter compared to PCL. However, the presence of HANPs in the composite nanofibers induced a greater fiber diameter distribution, without significantly changing the average fiber diameter. The in vitro drug release result revealed that the sustained release of SIM from the composite nanofiber obeying the Korsemeyer–Peppas and Kpocha models revealing a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and the release mechanism follows diffusion rather than polymer erosion. Biomineralization assessment of the nanofibers was carried out in simulated body fluid (SBF). SEM and EDS analysis confirmed nucleation of the hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of the composite nanofibers mimicking the natural apatite layer. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that the PCL-PGS-HA displayed better cell proliferation and adhesion compared to the control sample, hence improving the regeneration process. This suggests that the fabricated PCL-PGS-HA could be a promising future scaffold for control drug delivery and bone tissue regeneration application.

A Novel Design of Tri-Layer Membrane with Controlled Delivery of Paclitaxel and Anti-Biofilm Effect for Biliary Stent Applications

“…It is well-known that the absorption peaks concerning the amine and carbonyl groups are considered to evaluate the intermolecular hydrogen bonding affinity of the PU matrix. Similarly, the corresponding peaks of pure PU at 3325 cm −1 (-NH stretching) shifted to 3332 cm −1 in the composite PU film containing AgNPs, which indicates that the majority of NH groups in urethane linkages (HN-COO) participated in hydrogen bonding with the hydroxyl (OH) group capped on the surface of the metallic nanoparticles [ 30 ]. Moreover, a slight shift toward lower value of the peak at 2959 cm −1 are associated with asymmetric CH 2 stretching band.…”

“…The XRD patterns of PCL nanofibers, PU film, and composite PU-Ag 3 film membranes are shown in Figure 2 G. PCL sample exhibits two significant crystalline peaks at 2θ = 21.4° and 23.7° [ 29 ]. The diffraction pattern of the pure PU film displays a broad peak at 2θ = 21.3°, which is attributed to the amorphous phase of PU, while, in the case of PU-AgNPs film, two additional diffraction peaks were observed at 2θ = 35 and 37.8° along with the characteristic peaks of PU [ 30 ]. The reaction mechanism is proposed to be a simple and simultaneous process where silver nitrate is reduced to Ag(0) by aq.…”

“…The drug release from the nanofiber mat was assessed by placing a known weight of nanofiber membrane into conical tubes containing PBS (10 mL, pH 7.4) and transferring the tubes into a shaking incubator previously set at 37 °C and 100 rpm (SI-300R, Lab companion, (415-850) Kimpo, Gyeonggi-do, Korea) [ 30 ]. Then, at different determined time intervals, 3 mL of PBS release media were taken for sampling and put back after the measurement.…”

Improvement of Drug Release and Compatibility between Hydrophilic Drugs and Hydrophobic Nanofibrous Composites

“…As a typical example, it submits the secession to monomeric units of lactic acid in the body, which naturally takes place in the carbohydrate metabolism [ 15 , 16 ]. Whereas, PCL is a slowly degraded biopolymer as opposed to many other counterparts such as PLA owing to its semi-crystalline nature [ 17 , 18 ] and a high degree of crystallinity. Moreover, PCL is not harmful to local tissues because it does not form an acidic environment like poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) or PLA.…”

Characterization and Biodegradability of Rice Husk-Filled Polymer Composites

“…Biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) [4], polycaprolactone (PCL) [5], poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) [6], polybutylene succinate (PBS) [7], and polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) [8] were used by researchers to obtain cost-effective biocomposites with superior properties. PBS is considered as one of the promising alternatives because of its virtues in strength, toughness, excellent biodegradability, and good processing parameters [9].…”