Poly-γ-glutamic acid: Recent achievements, diverse applications and future perspectives

Wang, Limin; Chen, Shengbao; Yu, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.009

Cited by 54 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The Mws of γ-PGA produced by most Bacillus species were higher than 100 kDa [ 13 ]. PgdS (the γ-DL-glutamyl hydrolase) is an endo-type hydrolase that cleaves the γ-glutamyl bond and depolymerizes high-Mw-γ-PGA to low-Mw-γ-PGA [ 3 ]. It is the key enzyme responsible for the Mw control in γ-PGA producers [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of increasing environmental concerns, bioproduction of polymers using microorganisms has been especially developed [ 1 , 2 ]. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural biopolymer composed of glutamic acid monomers with γ -amide linkage [ 3 ]. γ-PGA and poly-ε-lysine (ε-PL) are two biopolymers that could be synthesized by microorganisms [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…γ-PGA is the component of the traditional Japanese food natto , made from soy beans fermented by Bacillus strains [ 6 ]. Several Bacillus strains, including B. subtilis natto, B. subtilis chungkookjang, B. licheniformis , and B. amyloliquefaciens , have been reported to produce γ-PGA outside cells, and Bacillus species are producers for commercial production of γ-PGA [ 3 , 7 – 9 ]. Up to now, intensive studies regarding γ-PGA fermentation, synthetic mechanism and metabolic engineering have been carried out to improve γ-PGA yield [ 10 – 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, the Mws of commercial γ-PGA produced Bacillus species are approximately 1 × 10 3 kDa, which limits the wide uses of γ-PGA [ 21 ]. Enzymatic hydrolysis, physical and chemical methods have been made to depolymerize γ-PGA [ 3 ]. However, the low yield and high cost inhibited the applications of γ-PGA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient molasses utilization for low-molecular-weight poly-γ-glutamic acid production using a novel Bacillus subtilis strain

Chen

et al. 2022

Microb Cell Fact

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Background Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a biopolymer and has various applications based on its biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and edibility. Low-molecular-weight (Mw)-γ-PGA has promising applications in agriculture and pharmaceuticals. It is traditionally produced by enzymatic hydrolysis. Cost-effective bioproduction of low-Mw-γ-PGA is essential for commercial application of γ-PGA. Results Bacillus subtilis 242 is a newly isolated low-Mw-γ-PGA-producing strain. To develop cost-effective production of γ-PGA using this newly isolated strain, cane molasses and corn steep liquor were used to produce γ-PGA. The concentration of cane molasses was optimized and 100 g/L cane molasses resulted in high γ-PGA production. The effects of yeast extract and corn steep liquor on γ-PGA yield were investigated. High concentration of γ-PGA was obtained in the medium with corn steep liquor. A concentration of 32.14 g/L γ-PGA was achieved in fed-batch fermentation, with a productivity of 0.67 g/L/h and a percentage yield (gγ-PGA/gglutamate) of 106.39%. The Mw of γ-PGA was 27.99 kDa. Conclusion This study demonstrated the potential application of B. subtilis 242 for cost-effective production of low-Mw-γ-PGA from cane molasses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient molasses utilization for low-molecular-weight poly-γ-glutamic acid production using a novel Bacillus subtilis strain

Chen

et al. 2022

Microb Cell Fact

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“…Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), one of the most promising biopolymers, consists of D-and L-glutamic acid units linked by amide bonds between α-amino and γ-carboxylic acid groups (Luo et al 2016). γ-PGA shows great potential for application in food (Yu et al 2018), medicine (Khalil et al 2017), cosmetics (Wang et al 2019), wastewater treatment (Peng et al 2020), and agriculture (Chen et al 2021) due to its numerous properties, including water solubility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, and biocompatibility (Ajayeoba et al 2019; Wang et al 2022). Recently, γ-PGA has shown more and more promising applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced poly-γ-glutamic acid production by a newly isolated Bacillus tequilensis BL01

Wang

Zhou

Gao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Poly γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a promising biopolymer for various applications. In this study, we isolated a novel γ-PGA-producing strain, Bacillus tequilensis BL01. The one-factor-at-a-time method was used to investigate the influence of carbon and nitrogen sources and temperature on γ-PGA production. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were sucrose and (NH4)2SO4, respectively. The optimal temperature for γ-PGA production was determined to be 37°C. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum medium components: 68.9 g/L sucrose, 47.7 g/L monosodium glutamate, and 2.5 g/L K2HPO4. γ-PGA titer increased significantly from 8.6 g/L to 21.1 g/L when strain BL01 was cultivated in the optimized medium. Furthermore, γ-PGA titer reached 54.7 g/L with a productivity of 1.37 g/L/h and a yield of 2.47 g of γ-PGA/g of L-glutamic acid with the optimized medium in fed-batch fermentation. It should be noted that the γ-PGA yield in this study was the highest of all reported studies, indicating a great potential for the industrial production of γ-PGA.

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Manufacture of Monomers and Precursors from Plant Biomass

Gomes,

Bzainia,

Almeida

et al. 2024

Plant Biomass Derived Materials

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Poly-γ-glutamic acid: Recent achievements, diverse applications and future perspectives

Cited by 54 publications

References 72 publications

Efficient molasses utilization for low-molecular-weight poly-γ-glutamic acid production using a novel Bacillus subtilis strain

Efficient molasses utilization for low-molecular-weight poly-γ-glutamic acid production using a novel Bacillus subtilis strain

Enhanced poly-γ-glutamic acid production by a newly isolated Bacillus tequilensis BL01

Manufacture of Monomers and Precursors from Plant Biomass

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