Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) polymer electrolyte for paper-based and flexible battery applications

Abstract

Paper-based batteries represent a new frontier in battery technology. However, low-flexibility and poor ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes have been major impediments in achieving practical mechanically flexible batteries. This work discuss new highly ionic conductive polymer gel electrolytes for paper-based battery applications. In this paper, we present a poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDH-HFP) porous membrane electrolyte enhanced with lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulphone)imide (LiTFSI) and lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP), with an ionic conductivity of 2.1 × 10−3 S cm−1. Combining ceramic (LATP) with the gel structure of PVDF-HFP and LiTFSI ionic liquid harnesses benefits of ceramic and gel electrolytes in providing flexible electrolytes with a high ionic conductivity. In a flexibility test experiment, bending the polymer electrolyte at 90° for 20 times resulted in 14% decrease in ionic conductivity. Efforts to further improving the flexibility of the presented electrolyte are ongoing. Using this electrolyte, full-cell batteries with lithium titanium oxide (LTO) and lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) electrodes and (i) standard metallic current collectors and (ii) paper-based current collectors were fabricated and tested. The achieved specific capacities were (i) 123 mAh g−1 for standard metallic current collectors and (ii) 99.5 mAh g−1 for paper-based current collectors. Thus, the presented electrolyte has potential to become a viable candidate in paper-based and flexible battery applications. Fabrication methods, experimental procedures, and test results for the polymer gel electrolyte and batteries are presented and discussed.

The Fabrication of All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries via Spark Plasma Sintering

“…In order to offset the thermal mismatch between electrolyte and electrode, LATP was also used in the electrodes. The active material in the anode was LTO (NEI Corp., Somerset, NJ, USA), while LiCoPO 4 (LCP, NEI Corp., Somerset, NJ, USA) was added to the cathode, as both of these materials do not react with LATP [26,27]. To enhance the conductivity of ASSLibs, acetylene black (AB, MTI Corp., Richmond, CA, USA) powder was used as a part of the composite electrodes.…”

“…The anode should have low potential, while the cathode should have high potential vs. Li/Li + , and neither of them should cause electrolyte decomposition. One optimal anode material is Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) with a potential of 1.55 V vs. Li/Li + [25,26]; this material does not react with LATP electrolyte [27]. The most promising cathode materials are the olivine-structured compounds such as LiMPO 4 (M = Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, etc.…”

Cross-Selectivity Enhancement of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)-Based Sensor Arrays for Detecting Acetone and Ethanol

“…PVDF-HFP has a property whereby it can offer either a more polar crystalline structure (β-phase and γ-phase), or less polar crystal structure (α-phase) [2,23,36]. The IR treatment of PVDF-HFP in the presence of CB particles has been investigated.…”

V2O5/Graphene Hybrid Supported on Paper Current Collectors for Flexible Ultrahigh-Capacity Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Efforts have been dedicated to make flexible lithium-ion batteries using conventional electrode materials with little progress because of the failure from repeated bending [1][2][3] . act as the conductive carbon in flexible current collectors due to their high conductivity and mechanical stability [4][5][6][7] . These paper like current collectors can provide flexibility, are lightweight, and have a high capacity for lithium-ion batteries due to their high porosity and stability.…”