Poly(vinyl chloride), a historical polymer still evolving

Mijangos, Carmen; Calafel, Itxaso; Santamaría, Antxón

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125610

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Among these, polyester P1 , polysulfite P2 , polycarbonate P3 , and polyether P4 could all be accessed with molar masses larger than 10 kDa and cis -percentage over 97%. Chlorinated P5 and polysiloxane P6 , which possess additional handles for postpolymerization functionalization and/or remolding, could also be accessed with high cis -selectivity (97–99% cis ). , Moreover, di(but-3-en-1-yl) fumarate, a readily available terminal diene from fumaric acid, could also be employed. While the newly formed double bonds are 99% cis , the electron-deficient trans -double bonds are well preserved in the main chain of P7 , providing electro- and radicalphilic reactivity for further elaboration .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

cis-Selective Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization Using Bulky Cyclometalated Ruthenium Carbene Catalysts

Wang,

Zhang,

2023

Macromolecules

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The regulation of the cis−trans configuration is important for investigating the structure−property relationship and fine-tuning the properties of olefin-containing polymers. While classic metathesis polymerization typically yields trans-enriched polymer backbones, the selective construction of all-cis-configured polyalkenamers was previously restricted to the use of strained cyclic olefins or methyl/ethyl-capped acyclic cis-dienes as monomers. Here, we report an efficient and diverse-oriented cisselective acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) using readily available terminal acyclic dienes, which achieves a high cis-percentage of up to 99% and satisfactory molar mass by a bulky cyclometalated ruthenium−carbene catalyst. This method is further compatible with trans-olefin embedded triene monomers, providing a convenient tool for constructing alternative cis−trans configurations in polyalkenamers. A cis-ADMET-prepared and G2-degradable polymer was also explored. This work expands the possibilities for precision polymer synthesis and may offer new avenues for material design.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

cis-Selective Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization Using Bulky Cyclometalated Ruthenium Carbene Catalysts

Wang,

Zhang,

2023

Macromolecules

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“…The simple steps of dissolving in organic solvents, adding plasticizers to plasticize, and then drying to remove the volatile organic components result in a soft colloidal structure with mechanical strength varying with the content of plasticizers. , However, a more stable fluorinated PVC material has also been used to improve the thermal stability of the material and has been applied to a PVC gel system to enhance the performance. At the same time, the polarity of halogen atoms also increased its actuation effect. , It was found that elaborating on the relevant deformation principles with Raman tests could provide a clear characterization and interpretation of the response process. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, the polarity of halogen atoms also increased its actuation effect. 9 , 10 It was found that elaborating on the relevant deformation principles with Raman tests could provide a clear characterization and interpretation of the response process. 10 , 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Performance of a Gel Actuator Made of Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride/Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals

Irfan

Ali

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Recently, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel materials appeared promising for developing actuators, artificial muscles, and sensors. However, their energized response time and recovery limitations restrict their broader applications. Herein, a novel soft composite gel was prepared by mixing functionalized carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CCNs) and plasticized PVC. The surface morphology of the plasticized PVC/CCNs composite gel was characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The prepared PVC/CCNs gel composites have increased polarity and electrical actuation with a fast response time. Experimental results demonstrated good response characteristics within the actuator model with a multilayer electrode structure when stimulated with a specified DC voltage (1000 V), with deformation of approximately 36.7%. Moreover, this PVC/CCNs gel has excellent tensile elongation, and the elongation at break of the PVC/CCNs gel is greater than the elongation at break of the pure PVC gel under the same thickness conditions. However, these PVC/CCNs composite gels showed excellent properties and development potential and are directed for broad applications in actuators, soft-robotics, and biomedical applications.

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“…Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most versatile and widely used polymers in the modern world due to its tunable properties, affordable manufacturing processes, and resistance to degradation. , The robust performance of PVC-based materials is partially attributed to the incorporation of various additives, including roughly 500 varieties of plasticizers, as well as heat stabilizers and flame retardants, making up 30% and 12% of the PVC additive demand, respectively . The urgent need to recycle and/or upcycle PVC materials is complicated by the environmental implications of the aforementioned additives, which harm marine life by disrupting the metabolism of different organisms − and strongly attracting heavy metals such as copper and zinc .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Polyvinyl Chloride Interactions with Additives in Traditional and Bioderived Solvents

Olowookere,

Barbosa,

Turner

2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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We conduct a comprehensive investigation into the interactions between polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and its additives, with a focus on exploring alternative, bioderived solvents for processing PVC waste. Using molecular simulations, we evaluate the performance of five bioderived solvents and compare them against other traditional solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and ethyl acetate (ETA). We examine the impact of the different solvents on the physical and mechanical properties of PVC, as well as their propensity to solvate PVC and its additives. Our findings suggest that bioderived solvents may provide comparable, if not superior, PVC solvation performance relative to traditional solvent formulations, highlighting these compounds as potential eco-friendly alternatives. Future experimental studies are planned to validate these findings and assess the practicality of these bioderived solvents, considering factors such as cost, synthesis feasibility, and toxicity.

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Poly(vinyl chloride), a historical polymer still evolving

Cited by 15 publications

References 65 publications

cis-Selective Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization Using Bulky Cyclometalated Ruthenium Carbene Catalysts

cis-Selective Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization Using Bulky Cyclometalated Ruthenium Carbene Catalysts

Analysis of the Performance of a Gel Actuator Made of Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride/Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals

Characterizing Polyvinyl Chloride Interactions with Additives in Traditional and Bioderived Solvents

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