Poly-victimization and mental health of street children in Lahore city

Bashir, Zohaib; Dasti, Rabia

doi:10.3109/09638237.2015.1057330

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A total score can be created as the sum of these 34 questions. Since the introduction of the JVQ, it has been used in diverse settings, including in Finland [ 26 ], Spain [ 27 ], China [ 28 , 29 ], Pakistan [ 30 ] and Vietnam [ 31 ]. There have, however, been variations among studies in terms of the criteria used for determination of poly-victimisation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly-victimisation and health risk behaviours, symptoms of mental health problems and suicidal thoughts and plans among adolescents in Vietnam

Holton

Huong

et al. 2016

Int J Ment Health Syst

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BackgroundLimited evidence is available about poly-victimisation (exposure to multiple forms of victimisation) and mental health among adolescents in low and lower-middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between lifetime exposure to poly-victimisation, health risk behaviours, symptoms of common mental health problems and suicidal ideas in the previous year among high school students in Vietnam.MethodsParticipants were high school students in rural and urban districts of Hanoi, Vietnam. The data source was an anonymously-completed structured self-report survey. Lifetime exposure to poly-victimisation was assessed using the juvenile victimisation questionnaire revised 2 (JVQ R-2); mental health symptoms by the depression, anxiety and stress scale-21 (DASS-21); involvement in health risk behaviours and previous year suicidal thoughts and plans by questions adapted from the 2013 youth risk behaviour survey. Data were collected between October, 2013 and January, 2014 and were analysed using generalised structural equation modelling.ResultsIn total 1616/1745 (92.6 %) eligible students provided complete data. Prior year suicidal thoughts were reported by 21.4 % (95 % CI 18.5–24.5 %) of the female respondents and 7.9 % (95 % CI 6.2–9.8 %) of the male respondents. Prior year suicidal plans were reported by 7.8 % (95 % CI 5.9–9.8 %) of the girls and 4.0 % (95 % CI 2.7–5.3 %) of the boys. Poly-victimisation was associated with increased likelihood of involvement in health risk behaviours and symptoms of common mental health problems among both sexes, which increased adolescents’ risk of having suicidal ideas in the previous year. Compared to non-victims or victims of fewer forms, poly-victims were also more likely to report suicidal thoughts and plans among both girls and boys (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOverall, the results revealed that poly-victimisation was associated with increased involvement in health risk behaviours, poorer mental health and increased risks of suicidal ideas among Vietnamese adolescents. Suicidal ideas were prevalent among the students. Interventions to assist victims of violence and prevention of violence, especially poly-victimisation, among adolescents in Vietnam is therefore important.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly-victimisation and health risk behaviours, symptoms of mental health problems and suicidal thoughts and plans among adolescents in Vietnam

Holton

Huong

et al. 2016

Int J Ment Health Syst

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“…This dose–response relationship has also been confirmed in Burundian children with experiences of physical violence within their families and on the streets (Crombach & Elbert, 2014). In line with these results, two additional studies linked exposure to violence on the streets and poly‐victimization to mental health issues and psychological distress (Bashir & Dasti, 2015; Shein‐Szydlo et al, 2016). Most recently, Derivois et al (2017) confirmed the relationship between physical and psychological abuse on the streets and PTSD symptoms in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Is shame the missing link between traumatic experiences and post‐traumatic stress disorder in Burundian children living on the streets?

Zeller

Bambonyé

Mugisha

et al. 2022

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Background Shame is an emotion reflecting an anticipated social devaluation of the self. It is strongly associated with experiences of humiliation and rejection in early life. Individuals suffering from post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often struggle with shame. However, little is known about how shame contributes to the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms in children. The present study investigated the ways childhood exposure to human‐induced traumatic events promotes a coping mechanism of defeat and withdrawal facilitated by the experience of shame. We tested a dose–response relationship between lifetime experienced traumatic event types and PTSD in children using shame as a mediator. Methods We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 33 male children who lived and worked on the streets of Bujumbura, the capital of Burundi at the time of data collection. We assessed self‐reported PTSD symptom severity, lifetime traumatic event load, violence experienced on the streets and shame intensity. Results Mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of lifetime traumatic events on PTSD symptom severity through shame intensity and a significant indirect effect of violence experienced on the streets on PTSD symptom severity through shame intensity. Conclusion Our study suggests the mediating role of shame between traumatic experiences as well as violent experiences and PTSD symptom severity in children living on the streets. Shame in children suffering from PTSD seems to play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms.

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“…The questionnaire has good internal consistency (α = 0.80) and has been administered in China ( 71 ), Israel ( 72 ), Pakistan ( 73 ), Portugal ( 74 ), South Africa ( 75 ), Spain ( 76 ), and the United Kingdom ( 77 ), and has recently been adapted for use in a national study in Australia ( 70 ). The measure also demonstrates adequate test–retest reliability, with 200 of the respondents being re-contacted and re-administered the JVQ within 3–4 weeks of its original administration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When considering the appropriateness of measures for gaining global estimates of childhood exposure to DVA, the researchers considered three main areas: firstly, which measure had been most commonly applied within LMICs, second, which was most acceptable according to the indicators covered in COSMIN PROMs, and finally, which measure covered aspects of exposure to DVA the closest, based on our current understanding. Three of the measures have been applied in LMICs—the CEDV, which has been implemented in Brazil ( 50 ), India ( 51 ), Iran ( 52 ), Iraqi-Kurdistan ( 53 ), Pakistan ( 54 ), and South Africa ( 55 ), the JVQ, which has been applied in China ( 71 ), Pakistan ( 73 ) and South Africa ( 75 ), and the CPIC, which has been applied in China ( 64–66 ), and Pakistan ( 67 ). Based on this information, it could be assumed that the CEDV is the most appropriate measure for assessing childhood exposure to DVA within LMICs, although it is still sparsely implemented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood exposure to domestic violence: can global estimates on the scale of exposure be obtained using existing measures?

Harris,

Channon,

Morgan

2024

Front. Public Health

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PurposeChildhood exposure to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) can lead to major short- and long-term effects on the victim. Despite this, there is no accepted measure for children’s experiences, with most existing measures being validated only in high income countries and not in low- and middle- income countries. As a result, international statistics are not comparable. This paper seeks to critically appraise existing measures and discuss whether any are fit-for-purpose on a global scale.MethodThe COSMIN PROMs approach was followed to critically appraise and compare the appropriateness of measures. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken in seven journal databases for measures mentioned in formally peer-reviewed articles exploring childhood exposure to DVA.ResultsA literature search resulted in the identification of 10 measures and, following criteria to only keep original measures and remove modifications, four measures which have been validated cross-culturally are discussed in detail in line with the COSMIN PROMs criterion: The Child Exposure to Domestic Violence Scale, Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire and The Violence Exposure Scale for Children. Strengths and limitations of each are discussed, along with any validations undertaken not in the country of origin.ConclusionDespite childhood exposure to DVA being an urgent research priority worldwide, the current measures to explore the extent of the issue are not validated cross-culturally, leading to concerns about comparisons across different population groups. The development and implementation of interventions to reduce the levels and effects of exposure relies heavily on cross-cultural comparisons, which may indicate different strategies are needed in different contexts. The lack of these validated comparisons is constraining advances, and the paper advocates for further efforts to be made in this regard.

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Poly-victimization and mental health of street children in Lahore city

Abstract: The most common type of victimization was conventional crime which negatively predicts mental health of street children. The results have important implications for the policy makers to develop improved services for this vulnerable group.

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Poly-victimisation and health risk behaviours, symptoms of mental health problems and suicidal thoughts and plans among adolescents in Vietnam

Poly-victimisation and health risk behaviours, symptoms of mental health problems and suicidal thoughts and plans among adolescents in Vietnam

Is shame the missing link between traumatic experiences and post‐traumatic stress disorder in Burundian children living on the streets?

Childhood exposure to domestic violence: can global estimates on the scale of exposure be obtained using existing measures?

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