(Poly)phenolic compounds in pollen and spores of Antarctic plants as indicators of solar UV-B

Rozema, J.; Noordijk, A.J.; Broekman, Rob; Beem, A. van; Meijkamp, B.M.; Bakker, N.V.J. de; Staaij, J.W.M. van de; Stroetenga, M.; Bohncke, S.J.P.; Konert, M.; Kars, S.; Peat, Helen J.; Smith, R. I. Lewis; Convey, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2892-8_2

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…(Yagi and Ohishi 1979;Kikuzaki et al 2002). Recently, ferulic acid esters found in leaves absorb ultraviolet (UV) light (290-360 nm), protecting plants along the perimeter of Antarctica from UV damage (Ruhland and Day 2000;Rozema et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,3-Diferuloyl-sn-glycerol from the biocatalytic transesterification of ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid (ethyl ferulate) and soybean oil

Compton

Laszlo

2009

Biotechnol Lett

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1,3-Diferuloyl-sn-glycerol is found ubiquitously throughout the plant kingdom, possessing ultraviolet adsorbing and antioxidant properties. Diferuloyl glycerol was synthesized and isolated as a byproduct in up to 5% yield from a pilot plant scale packed-bed, biocatalytic transesterification of ethyl ferulate with soybean oil or mono- and diacylglycerols from soybean oil. The yield of the diferuloyl glycerol byproduct was directly proportional to the overall water concentration of the bioreactor. The isolated diferuloyl glycerol exhibited good ultraviolet adsorbing properties, 280-360 nm with a lambda(max) 322 nm, and compared well to the efficacy of commercial sunscreen active ingredients. The antioxidant capacity of diferuloyl glycerol (0.25-2.5 mM) was determined by its ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals and was comparable to that of ferulic acid. At current pilot plant scale production capacity, 120 kg diferuloyl glycerol byproduct could be isolated per year.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,3-Diferuloyl-sn-glycerol from the biocatalytic transesterification of ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid (ethyl ferulate) and soybean oil

Compton

Laszlo

2009

Biotechnol Lett

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“…The mosses become incorporated into the permafrost at a depth of 20 to 30 cm. Since most parts of Antarctic moss peat banks are permanently frozen, these banks may represent a unique archive of historical UV-B levels (Rozema et al 2001c;. Besides the analysis of UV-B induced polyphenolic compounds pollen and spores that are incorporated into these moss banks, the preservation of frozen moss material may allow DNA extraction and quantification of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) caused by exposure to solar UV-B radiation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor Studies on the Effects of Solar UV-B on bryophytes: Overview and Methodology

et al. 2006

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In this review all recent field studies on the effects of UV-B radiation on bryophytes are discussed. In most of the studies fluorescent UV-B tubes are used to expose the vegetation to enhanced levels of UV-B radiation to simulate stratospheric ozone depletion. Other studies use screens to filter the UV-B part of the solar spectrum, thereby comparing ambient levels of UV-B with reduced UV-B levels, or analyse effects of natural variations in UV-B arising from stratospheric ozone depletion. Nearly all studies show that mosses are well adapted to ambient levels of UV-B radiation since UV-B hardly affects growth parameters. In contrast with outdoor studies on higher plants, soluble UV-B absorbing compounds in bryophytes are typically not induced by enhanced levels of UV-B radiation. A few studies have demonstrated that UV-B radiation can influence plant morphology, photosynthetic capacity, photosynthetic pigments or levels of DNA damage. However, there is only a limited number of outdoor studies presented in the literature. More additional, especially long-term, experiments are needed to provide better data for statistical meta-analyses. A mini UV-B supplementation system is described, especially designed to study effects of UV-B radiation at remote field locations under harsh conditions, and which is therefore suited to perform long-term studies in the Arctic or Antarctic. The first results are presented from a long-term UV-B supplementation experiment at Signy Island in the Maritime Antarctic.

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“…This apparent paradox may be explained by the wide specificity of some laccases, which enables them to catalyze a broad range of phenolic substrates other than lignin (Thurston, 1994;Mayer and Staples, 2002). Indeed, lichen, mosses and various microorganisms are known to contain a range of phenolic compounds (Reddy, 1984;Lawrey, 1995), including pigments related to ultraviolet protection (Quesada et al, 1999;Rozema et al, 2001), potentially serving as substrates for fungal laccases (Thurston, 1994;Mayer and Staples, 2002). It was also recently reported that some lichenized ascomycetes showed extracellular laccase activity (Laufer et al, 2006), which could partly explain the results presented here.…”

Section: C-degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional microarray analysis of nitrogen and carbon cycling genes across an Antarctic latitudinal transect

et al. 2007

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Soil-borne microbial communities were examined via a functional gene microarray approach across a southern polar latitudinal gradient to gain insight into the environmental factors steering soil Nand C-cycling in terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems. The abundance and diversity of functional gene families were studied for soil-borne microbial communities inhabiting a range of environments from 511S (cool temperate -Falkland Islands) to 721S (cold rock desert -Coal Nunatak). The recently designed functional gene array used contains 24 243 oligonucleotide probes and covers 410 000 genes in 4150 functional groups involved in nitrogen, carbon, sulfur and phosphorus cycling, metal reduction and resistance and organic contaminant degradation (He et al. 2007). The detected N-and C-cycle genes were significantly different across different sampling locations and vegetation types. A number of significant trends were observed regarding the distribution of key gene families across the environments examined. For example, the relative detection of cellulose degradation genes was correlated with temperature, and microbial C-fixation genes were more present in plots principally lacking vegetation. With respect to the N-cycle, denitrification genes were linked to higher soil temperatures, and N 2 -fixation genes were linked to plots mainly vegetated by lichens. These microarray-based results were confirmed for a number of gene families using specific real-time PCR, enzymatic assays and process rate measurements. The results presented demonstrate the utility of an integrated functional gene microarray approach in detecting shifts in functional community properties in environmental samples and provide insight into the forces driving important processes of terrestrial Antarctic nutrient cycling.

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(Poly)phenolic compounds in pollen and spores of Antarctic plants as indicators of solar UV-B

Cited by 29 publications

References 79 publications

1,3-Diferuloyl-sn-glycerol from the biocatalytic transesterification of ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid (ethyl ferulate) and soybean oil

1,3-Diferuloyl-sn-glycerol from the biocatalytic transesterification of ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid (ethyl ferulate) and soybean oil

Outdoor Studies on the Effects of Solar UV-B on bryophytes: Overview and Methodology

Functional microarray analysis of nitrogen and carbon cycling genes across an Antarctic latitudinal transect

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