Poly-Para-Phenylene-Copolymer (PPP): A High-Strength Polymer with Interesting Mechanical and Tribological Properties

Friedrich, K.; Burkhart, Thomas; Almajid, Abdulhakim A.; Haupert, F.

doi:10.1080/00914037.2010.483211

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In addition to well‐known PPS and PEEK materials, poly( para ‐phenylene) (PPP) is an aromatic polymer consisting of a directly linked phenyl backbone. Various types of PPP with different side groups have been investigated as structural materials, and modulus values ranging from 5 GPa to 9 GPa and tensile strengths ranging from 120 MPa to 200 MPa have been reported . PPP is an amorphous thermoplastic, and can be formed by extrusion, hot compression molding, injection molding, or solution casting .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape‐memory behavior of high‐strength amorphous thermoplastic poly(para‐phenylene)

Collins

Yakacki

Lightbody

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the shape-memory behavior of poly(para-phenylene) (PPP) under varying programming temperatures, relaxation times, and recovery conditions. PPP is an inherently stiff and strong aromatic thermoplastic, not previously investigated for use as a shape-memory material. Initial characterization of PPP focused on the storage and relaxation moduli for PPP at various frequencies and temperatures, which were used to develop continuous master curves for PPP using timetemperature superposition (TTS). Shape-memory testing involved programming PPP samples to 50% tensile strain at temperatures ranging from 1558C to 2058C, with varying relaxation holds times before cooling and storage. Shape-recovery behavior ranged from nearly complete deformation recovery to poor recovery, depending heavily on the thermal and temporal conditions during programming. Straining for extended relaxation times and elevated temperatures significantly decreased the recoverable deformation in PPP during shape-memory recovery. However, PPP was shown to have nearly identical full recovery profiles when programmed with decreased and equivalent relaxation times, illustrating the application of TTS in programming of the shape-memory effect in PPP. The decreased shape recovery at extended relaxation times was attributed to time-dependent visco-plastic effects in the polymer becoming significant at longer time-scales associated with the melt/flow regime of the master curve. Under constrained-recovery, recoverable deformation in PPP was observed to have an exponentially decreasing relationship to the bias stress. This study demonstrated the effective use of PPP as a shape-memory polymer (SMP) both in mechanical behavior as well as in application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape‐memory behavior of high‐strength amorphous thermoplastic poly(para‐phenylene)

Collins

Yakacki

Lightbody

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Among different material classes, high-performance polymers (HPPs) and their composites are being investigated by various researchers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] for such applications, owing to their high strength/density ratio as well as the structural integrity. A number of the applications, such as seals and bearings, are mainly focused on the tribological performance of HPPs and their composites, especially in non-lubricated, sliding conditions [2][3][4][5][6]. For instance, the exceptional wear behavior of HPPs (commonly against metallic counterparts) without the requirement of lubricants is desirable in a number of applications, such as the textile and food industries, to avoid contamination problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, epoxy is a common example of a thermoset, commonly withstanding its fragile and sensitive nature towards microfracture. On the contrary, high performance epoxies, which are normally prepared with high cross-link density, may have high Young's modulus, greater strength, durable bond ability, and outstanding chemical constancy [2][3][4][5]. In particular, the mechanical properties, as well as the wear resistance of thermoset composites, can be significantly improved by filling with continuous fibers at high volume contents (> 50 vol %), e.g., using the conventional autoclave moulding technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in High Performance Polymers—Tribological Aspects

Kurdi

Chang

2018

Lubricants

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High-performance polymer (HPP)-based engineering materials in tribological applications have been under continuous research over the last few decades. This paper reviewed the recent studies on the sliding wear properties of HPPs and their nanocomposites, which are associated with the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. In particular, the effects of the intrinsic properties of polymer composites (e.g., mechanical properties of the materials and the types of fillers) and external environmental conditions (e.g., service temperature and lubrication medium) on the formation of transfer layers (TLs) were discussed. The latter would govern the overall friction and wear of polymeric materials in sliding against metallic counterparts. In addition, correlations between the basic mechanical properties of HPPs and their sliding wear behavior were also explored.

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“…Discs made of 100Cr6 are widely used as counterbodies for all kinds of polymer matrix composites (PMCs) by the present authors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and others as well. The steel discs are usually supplied with a grinded surface providing an average surface roughness of R a ¼ 0.3 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the potential of Raman spectroscopy for the identification of silicone oil residue and wear scar characterization for the assessment of tribofilm functionality

Österle

Giovannozzi

Gradt

et al. 2015

Tribology International

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Poly-Para-Phenylene-Copolymer (PPP): A High-Strength Polymer with Interesting Mechanical and Tribological Properties

Cited by 28 publications

References 4 publications

Shape‐memory behavior of high‐strength amorphous thermoplastic poly(para‐phenylene)

Shape‐memory behavior of high‐strength amorphous thermoplastic poly(para‐phenylene)

Recent Advances in High Performance Polymers—Tribological Aspects

Exploring the potential of Raman spectroscopy for the identification of silicone oil residue and wear scar characterization for the assessment of tribofilm functionality

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