Poly-Melamine Film Modified Sensor for the Sensitive and Selective Determination of Propranolol, a β-blocker in Biological Fluids

Abstract

The study reports synthesis of poly-(melamine) film on the surface of edge plane pyrolytic graphite (EPPG) followed by its characterization using cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Horizontal Attenuated Total Reflectance-infrared spectroscopy (HATR-IR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The p-(melamine) film coated EPPG has been used as a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of propranolol, a β-blocker. The p-(melamine)/EPPG sensor showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of propranolol by significant increment in the peak current and shift in the peak potential toward less positive potential. The fabricated sensor exhibited linear increase in the oxidation peak current with the increasing propranolol concentration in the range 0.1–800 μM with the L.O.D. and L.O.Q. as 9 nM and 30 nM, respectively. The effect of interferents on the peak current response has been studied and it is observed that the common metabolites present in the biological fluid matrix did not interfere in the determination. The p-(melamine)/ EPPG sensor displayed advantages such as simple preparation, high sensitivity, excellent selectivity and good reproducibility toward determination of propranolol. To ensure the analytical applicability of the fabricated sensor, the method has been successfully demonstrated by determining propranolol in the commercial pharmaceutical formulations, human urine and plasma samples.

A nanogold supported inorganic/organic hybrid 3D sensor for electrochemical quantification of propranolol—effective antagonist of β-adrenergic receptors

“…There is no doubt that the 3D Au-NPs-Au modified electrode is suitable for precise determination of propranolol in buffered solution of physiological pH. The c L value and linearity range of propranolol quantification obtained with the modified electrode prepared in this work were compared with the analogous parameters obtained on the other electrodes described in literature [27,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]; it can be concluded that in the vast majority of tested electrodes, both the linearity and the c L value were better when 3D Au-NPs-Au electrode was used (see the electronic supplementary material, Table S1). This observations mean that both the selection of the 3D Au-NPs-Au electrode and methods used for the propranolol testing were correct and reasonable.…”

“…It was found that a nitrogencontaining tetrahedral amorphous carbon electrode can be an excellent new carbon material for electrochemical propranolol detection [39]. Some information on propranolol electrochemical can be get when using both the edge plane pyrolytic graphite (EPPG) electrode modified both with poly-(melamine) film [40] and the graphene and conductive polymer (poly-1,5-diaminonaphthalene) [41]. The electrochemical behavior of propranolol has been also analyzed at a graphite screen printed electrode modified with zirconium dioxide [42].…”

Context-Awareness and Learning Fusion Method of Fluid Property Sensor Networks Based on Fuzzy Entropy

“…Tadi (2016) extended the voltammetric determination of pindolol in biological fluids using molecularly imprinted polymer based biomimetic sensor [16]. Raj (2016) concerned poly-melamine film modified sensor for the sensitive and selective determination of propranolol, with a beta-blocker in biological fluids [24]. Some sensors are supposed to monitor biological fluids.…”

Comparison of Different Unmodified and Nano-Material Modified Sensors for the Ultrasensitive Determination of Serotonin

“…The electrochemical methods, being rapid, selective, sensitive, eco-friendly and reproducible having significant accuracy, are vital alternatives for the monitoring of neurotransmitters. [16][17][18][19] Instead of bare ones, sensors modified with conducting polymers, nanotubes and grapheme (GRA), tungsten disulfide etc are used prominently for sensing of various neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine etc Graphene having its engrossing properties like atomthick 2D structure, greater values of specific surface area, high electrical conductivity and outstanding electrochemical stability is considerably applied in bio and chemical sensing. [20][21][22][23][24] Carbon nanotubes possessing unique electronic, mechanical and structural properties are considered useful in various applications.…”