Poly (lactic acid)/D‐limonene/ZnO bio‐nanocompositeswith antimicrobial properties

Abstract

Antimicrobial films of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/D‐limonene/zinc oxide (ZnO)‐based bio‐nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding and subsequent thermocompression. D‐limonene was incorporated at concentrations of 10 or 20 wt%, and ZnO pure nanoparticles and those organically modified with oleic acid (O‐ZnO), with an average diameter of 13.5 nm, were included at concentrations of 3, 5, and 8 wt%. The plasticizing effect of D‐Limonene was corroborated by a decrease in the glass transition temperature compared to pure PLA. The presence of ZnO and O‐ZnO in the PLA matrix promoted a slight increase in the degree of crystallinity due to its nucleant performance. Although ZnO and O‐ZnO induced lower thermal stability and slightly decreased microhardness in the composites, excellent antimicrobial performance was demonstrated. Both ZnO and O‐ZnO nanocomposites reached 99.9% of effectiveness for nanoparticles content above 5 wt%, regardless of the source of irradiation, D‐limonene concentration, and nanoparticle modification. Therefore, these bio‐nanocomposites will allow for future advances in sustainable antimicrobial materials for the medical or food packaging fields.

Synthesis and Characterization of Copolymers and Nanocomposites from Limonene, Styrene and Organomodified-Clay Using Ultrasonic Assisted Method

“…According to the literature, nanocomposites based on limonene, including poly (lactic acid)/D-limonene/ZnO bio-nanocomposites [ 33 ], Pt, Ru and Ni/graphene nanocomposites [ 34 ] and V-MCM-41 nanocomposites [ 35 ], but the use of natural clay as a catalyst in the synthesis of copolymers based on limonene and styrene is almost non-existent. The main goal of this research is to look into the catalytic properties of a natural clay (Mag-H + ) as a new non-toxic catalyst for the copolymerization of limonene and styrene and Mag-CTA + as a new nano-reinforcing filler for the fabrication of nanocomposites based on styrene-limonene copolymer (lim-co-sty) using an ultrasonic assisted approach to improve the copolymer’s thermal and mechanical properties.…”

Venus antiqua Clamshell-Derived Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles for the Preparation of PLA/d-Limonene/CaO Nanocomposites with Antimicrobial Properties

“…coli ATCCC 25922 were used for the analysis. Our group has already reported this procedure. ,,,− In brief, the initial number of bacteria present after incubation was calculated by counting the number of colonies in a tenfold dilution. First, a microbial suspension of 1 × 10 7 CFU·mL –1 (CFU: colony-forming units) by a densimat bioMérieux was prepared in a BHI broth plus Triton X-100 in a humid chamber.…”

“…PLA/DL/ZnO nanocomposites reached 99.9% effectiveness against Escherichia coli with contents above 5 wt %, regardless of the irradiation source. 29 Alternatively, calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles are of great interest for developing antimicrobial materials 30−32 as they are nontoxic to the human body, noncorrosive, recyclable, low-cost bactericidal, economically affordable, and easy to synthesize. 33,34 Silva et al prepared low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films with 3, 5, and 10 wt % CaO nanoparticles (25 and 50 nm).…”

“…9% compared with the neat PLA. PLA/DL/ZnO nanocomposites reached 99.9% effectiveness against Escherichia coli with contents above 5 wt %, regardless of the irradiation source …”

Degradation of Plasticised Poly(lactide) Composites with Nanofibrillated Cellulose in Different Hydrothermal Environments

“…Acetylation of NFC can improve the interphase between the PLA matrix and the fibres, to obtain a better and more uniform dispersion [9,10]. At present PLA-based materials can be utilised in packaging [21][22][23][24][25][26][27], medicine [28][29][30], agriculture [31][32][33], electronics [34][35][36],…”