Poly glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate porous monolith as a versatile platform for the development of separations and solid‐phase extractions in sequential injection analyzers

Abstract

We demonstrated that the porous structure and the reactivity of the epoxy group in the poly glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate monolith can be a platform for the development of separation and extraction methods based on sequential injection analysis. The epoxy group was functionalized to produce monoliths affording complexing and ion exchange properties. Derivatization with iminodiacetate and sodium sulfite produced weak and strong cation exchangers, respectively. Derivatization with ethylenediamine produced a weak anion exchanger, and the treatment of the ethylenediamine‐modified monolith with chloroacetate produced another weak cation exchanger. All the monoliths also worked as chelating sorbents. The columns were prepared inside 50 × 2.01 mm id fused‐silica lined stainless steel tubing and exhibited permeabilities between 0.76 and 4.92 × 10−13 m2, which enabled the application of flow rates between 5 and 15 μL/s by the syringe pumps used in sequential injection analyzers. These columns separated proteins by cation or anion exchange in a sequential injection chromatograph in both synthetic mixtures and in egg white. Additionally, the online solid‐phase extraction of copper ions was demonstrated in a sequential injection analyzer with the same columns. Postcolumn derivatization with ethylenediamine and spectrophotometric detection was used for the copper detection.

Construction of polymer monolithic columns in polypropylene ink‐pen tubes for separation of proteins by cation‐exchange chromatography

“…The primary vibration of the sulfonate groups (the stretching of the S=O bond at 1375-1335 cm −1 ) does not appear in our polymers (Supporting Information Figure S2). From the cation exchange capacity of the sulfonated poly(GMA-co-EDMA), formerly estimated as 14 mg/g of Cu 2+ [18], and admitting a 1:1 exchange stoichiometry, we estimate the presence of 0.71 wt% of S. The low incorporation of S and N is consistent with a significant part of the epoxy groups buried in the polymer matrix. It is also consistent with the partial hydrolysis of the surface epoxy to form diols [23].…”

“…Peters et al were the first to propose the mixture of 1-propanol, 1,4 butanediol, and water as a means to control the size of the pores over a broad range by just varying the ratio of 1-propanol to 1,4-butanediol [27]. By our experience with low-pressure sequential injection analyzers, the use of this porogenic F I G U R E 1 Scanning electron microscopy of the core of the polymer monoliths before and after the functionalizations with Na 2 SO 3 and IDA mixture offers poly(GMA-co-EDMA) columns with lower pressure drops than those synthesized in 1-dodecanol and cyclohexanol [18,28]. Darcy's equation computed the permeability of the columns from the back pressures measured at a flow rate of 500 µL/min of deionized water and ambient temperature.…”

“…In that work, however, no chromatographic separations were demonstrated. Poly(GMA‐ co ‐EDMA) is a versatile monolithic platform to produce columns for the separation of proteins by ion‐exchange, reversed‐phase, and immobilized metal affinity chromatographic modes [11,18,19]. The most straightforward approach to produce ion exchange monolithic columns is the copolymerization of the crosslinker with an ionizable monomer, such as methacrylic acid [20] or 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid [21] (weak and strong cation exchangers, respectively).…”

Affinity monolith chromatography: A review of general principles and recent developments

“…The most frequently used organic monoliths in AMC are based on copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) [19,44,50,61–65]. GMA/EDMA monoliths can be readily synthesized and are commercially available under the trade name “convective interaction media” (CIM) [15,20,44].…”

Trace analysis of rimantadine in human urine after dispersive liquid liquid microextraction followed by liquid chromatography–post column derivatization

“…In liquid chromatography, the derivatization procedure can be performed either in pre-column or postcolumn mode; the latter offers interesting advantages, such as (i) it is in principle an automated flow-based step, (ii) the stability of the derivatives is not of concern, and (iii) it is more efficient when complicated matrixes are analyzed since each analyte is derivatized in "isolation" following the chromatographic separation. This way one of the critical disadvantages of the pre-column mode, that is potentially competition phenomena from the sample matrix, are avoided [26][27][28][29].…”