Abstract:Bisphenol A (BPA), which is an endocrine-disrupting substance, is often utilized as beverage and food packing material, and it may accumulate in nutrition and water sources, which is why it is important to monitor. In this study, for the determination of bisphenol A, electro-polymerization of glutamic acid (GA) was performed on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The performance of the sensor (PGA/PGE) for determining bisphenol A was examined utilizing the cyclic voltammetric (CV) and differential pulse voltamm… Show more
“…The oxidation peak current increased with the number of cycles, indicating the formation of a conductive polymer film on the ZnO NPs–CPE surface. According to the literature [ 36 , 48 ], the glutamic acid monomer is oxidized first at a higher positive potential to form α- amino free radicals, and these cation radicals can form carbon–nitrogen links at the carbon electrode surface, and then after the poly (glutamic acid) films are formed as described in Scheme 2 [ 36 , 48 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 B) is among the common amino acids that can easily be electropolymerized on the electrode surface to form poly (glutamic acid) [ 35 ]. Poly (glutamic acid) contains glutamate repeating units and free protonated carboxylic groups (pKa = 4.45) by linking α-amino and δ-carboxylic acid functional groups, which show enhanced properties in electrochemical applications [ 36 ]. Electrodes modified with poly (glutamic acid) have been successfully used in the determination of various analytes such as Epinephrine [ 37 ], Hydrazine [ 38 ], L-tryptophan [ 35 ], Bisphenol A [ 36 ], Rutin [ 39 ] and Gallic acid [ 40 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Poly (glutamic acid) contains glutamate repeating units and free protonated carboxylic groups (pKa = 4.45) by linking α-amino and δ-carboxylic acid functional groups, which show enhanced properties in electrochemical applications [ 36 ]. Electrodes modified with poly (glutamic acid) have been successfully used in the determination of various analytes such as Epinephrine [ 37 ], Hydrazine [ 38 ], L-tryptophan [ 35 ], Bisphenol A [ 36 ], Rutin [ 39 ] and Gallic acid [ 40 ]. The modified electrodes showed high electrocatalytic activity and stability toward the target analytes.…”
Background
The deficiency of vitamin B2 can lead to many health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a sensitive, selective and fast method for the determination of vitamin B2 in food samples. In this work, a sensitive, selective and low-cost electrochemical sensor was developed using poly (glutamic acid) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for vitamin B2 in non-alcoholic beverage and milk samples.
Methods
The modification of the electrode surface was carried out by electropolymerization of glutamic acid on ZnO NPs–carbon paste electrode (ZnO NPS–CPE). The prepared electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). CV and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of vitamin B2 at the modified electrode. The effect of various parameters such as amount of ZnO NPs, polymerization cycle, concentration of the monomer, pH, scan rate and accumulation time were optimized to obtain maximum sensitivity at the modified electrode.
Results
The developed sensor showed high electrocatalytic activity towards vitamin B2. Under the optimized conditions, the developed sensor showed a linear response in the range 0.005–10 µM with a low detection limit of (LOD) 0.0007 ± 0.00001 µM and high sensitivity of 21.53 µA/µM.
Conclusions
A reproducible, repeatable, stable and selective sensor was successfully applied for the quantification of vitamin B2 in beverage and milk samples with acceptable recoveries in the range of 88–101%.
“…The oxidation peak current increased with the number of cycles, indicating the formation of a conductive polymer film on the ZnO NPs–CPE surface. According to the literature [ 36 , 48 ], the glutamic acid monomer is oxidized first at a higher positive potential to form α- amino free radicals, and these cation radicals can form carbon–nitrogen links at the carbon electrode surface, and then after the poly (glutamic acid) films are formed as described in Scheme 2 [ 36 , 48 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 B) is among the common amino acids that can easily be electropolymerized on the electrode surface to form poly (glutamic acid) [ 35 ]. Poly (glutamic acid) contains glutamate repeating units and free protonated carboxylic groups (pKa = 4.45) by linking α-amino and δ-carboxylic acid functional groups, which show enhanced properties in electrochemical applications [ 36 ]. Electrodes modified with poly (glutamic acid) have been successfully used in the determination of various analytes such as Epinephrine [ 37 ], Hydrazine [ 38 ], L-tryptophan [ 35 ], Bisphenol A [ 36 ], Rutin [ 39 ] and Gallic acid [ 40 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Poly (glutamic acid) contains glutamate repeating units and free protonated carboxylic groups (pKa = 4.45) by linking α-amino and δ-carboxylic acid functional groups, which show enhanced properties in electrochemical applications [ 36 ]. Electrodes modified with poly (glutamic acid) have been successfully used in the determination of various analytes such as Epinephrine [ 37 ], Hydrazine [ 38 ], L-tryptophan [ 35 ], Bisphenol A [ 36 ], Rutin [ 39 ] and Gallic acid [ 40 ]. The modified electrodes showed high electrocatalytic activity and stability toward the target analytes.…”
Background
The deficiency of vitamin B2 can lead to many health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a sensitive, selective and fast method for the determination of vitamin B2 in food samples. In this work, a sensitive, selective and low-cost electrochemical sensor was developed using poly (glutamic acid) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for vitamin B2 in non-alcoholic beverage and milk samples.
Methods
The modification of the electrode surface was carried out by electropolymerization of glutamic acid on ZnO NPs–carbon paste electrode (ZnO NPS–CPE). The prepared electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). CV and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of vitamin B2 at the modified electrode. The effect of various parameters such as amount of ZnO NPs, polymerization cycle, concentration of the monomer, pH, scan rate and accumulation time were optimized to obtain maximum sensitivity at the modified electrode.
Results
The developed sensor showed high electrocatalytic activity towards vitamin B2. Under the optimized conditions, the developed sensor showed a linear response in the range 0.005–10 µM with a low detection limit of (LOD) 0.0007 ± 0.00001 µM and high sensitivity of 21.53 µA/µM.
Conclusions
A reproducible, repeatable, stable and selective sensor was successfully applied for the quantification of vitamin B2 in beverage and milk samples with acceptable recoveries in the range of 88–101%.
“…Pencil graphite is widely used in electrochemical determinations due to its low cost (27)(28)(29)(30)(31). There are usually two types: larger-diameter wood tips or finer-diameter mechanical tips.…”
A modified electrode was developed for the electrochemical sensing of dobutamine (DBT), one of the catecholamines. For this modification process, pencil graphite electrodes (PGE) were modified with over-oxidized nanofiber structured poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PGE/OPEDOTNF) by electropolymerization. The electrochemical performance of PGE/OPEDOTNF was evaluated by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. In addition, the performances of non-nanofiber PEDOT-modified PGE electrodes were also examined for comparison. The characterization of the modified electrodes was carried out by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical methods. The signal of the modified electrodes was observed in a linear range of 0.1-2.0 µM against DBT using the differential pulse voltammetry method. The limit of detection and quantification are calculated as 0.026 µM and 0.086 µM, respectively. The effect of the interfering species was examined. It has been shown that DBT can be detected sensitively and selectively using pencil graphite electrodes modified with nanofiber-structured poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The repeatability of PGE/OPEDOTNF electrodes was found to be 5.2%. PGE/OPEDOTNF electrodes remained stable for 15 days without losing their electrochemical activity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
