The development of transmucosal drug delivery systems
is a practical
requirement in oral clinical practice, and controlled sequential delivery
of multiple drugs is usually required. On the basis of the previous
successful construction of monolayer microneedles (MNs) for transmucosal
drug delivery, we designed transmucosal double-layer sequential dissolving
MNs using hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA), hyaluronic acid (HA),
and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). MNs have the advantages of small
size, easy operation, good strength, rapid dissolution, and one-time
delivery of two drugs. Morphological test results showed that the
HAMA-HA-PVP MNs were small and intact in structure. The mechanical
strength and mucosal insertion test results indicated the HAMA-HA-PVP
MNs had appropriate strength and could penetrate the mucosal cuticle
quickly to achieve transmucosal drug delivery. The in vitro and in vivo experiment results of the double-layer
fluorescent dyes simulating drug release revealed that MNs had good
solubility and achieved stratified release of the model drugs. The
results of the in vivo and in vitro biosafety tests also indicated that the HAMA-HA-PVP MNs were biosafe
materials. The therapeutic effect of drug-loaded HAMA-HA-PVP MNs in
the rat oral mucosal ulcer model demonstrated that these novel HAMA-HA-PVP
MNs quickly penetrated the mucosa, dissolved and effectively released
the drug, and achieved sequential drug delivery. Compared to monolayer
MNs, these HAMA-HA-PVP MNs can be used as double-layer drug reservoirs
for controlled release, effectively releasing the drug in the MN stratification
by dissolution in the presence of moisture. The need for secondary
or multiple injections can be avoided, thus improving patient compliance.
This drug delivery system can serve as an efficient, multipermeable,
mucosal, and needle-free alternative for biomedical applications.