Poly(ether imide)/Epoxy Foam Composites with a Microcellular Structure and Ultralow Density: Bead Foam Fabrication, Compression Molding, Mechanical Properties, Thermal Stability, and Flame-Retardant Properties

Jiang, Junjie; Feng, Wei; Zhao, Dan; Zhai, Wentao

doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c03072

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…The expansion ratio of PHCBs shows a "mountain-shape" trend with increase in foaming temperature, which has been extensively reported in previous studies. [8,11,22] When the temperature is low, the high modulus of polymer restricts nucleated cells to grow, resulting in small cell size, high cell density, thick cell wall, and low expansion ratio (e.g., the foam prepared at 155 C shown in Figure 2a). As the temperature increases from 160 to 180 C, the reduced viscosity of PHC facilitates the cell growth (Figure 2b-f ); thus, the expansion ratio of PHCBs increases from 6.15 to 16.45.…”

Section: Foaming Behaviors Of Phc Pelletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using CO 2 and ethanol as blowing agents, Altstädt and coworkers [5c] also fabricated expanded polyamide 12 bead foam (EPA) by extrusion foaming and steam-chest molding process. EPA had a low density of 100 g L À1 and showed good thermal stability up to 150 C. In addition, polylactic acid (PLA), [7] polycarbonate (PC), [5b] and poly(ether imide) (PEI) [8] have also been selected to prepare bead foams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EPA had a low density of 100 g L −1 and showed good thermal stability up to 150 °C. In addition, polylactic acid (PLA), [ 7 ] polycarbonate (PC), [5b] and poly(ether imide) (PEI) [ 8 ] have also been selected to prepare bead foams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Lightweight Polyphenylene Oxide/High‐Impact Polystyrene Composite Bead Foam Parts via In‐Mold Foaming and Molding Technology

et al. 2021

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Bead foam is one kind of important polymeric foam product, which has the advantages of complex product shape, a wide range of parts density, and a wide variety of available materials. Steam‐chest molding is usually used to prepare bead foams. However, it is challenging to prepare polymers with high melting point (T m) or glass transition temperature (T g). Herein, in‐mold foaming and molding technology (IMFM) is proposed to prepare bead foams from polyphenylene oxide/high‐impact polystyrene composite (PHC). PHC bead foam parts (PHCPs) with densities from 0.11 to 0.25 g cm−3 are successfully prepared by controlling the process parameters. Due to good interbead bonding, the bead foams have superior mechanical properties. The tensile and compression strength for PHCPs with a density of 0.25 g cm−3 are 2.84 and 2.93 MPa, respectively. The PHCPs also show high dimensional stability at 120 °C and good flame‐retardant properties, characterized by a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) value and HBF rating. In addition, the fabrication mechanism behind IMFM is proposed. This technology provides a new way to produce polymer bead foams, especially for engineering materials.

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Section: Foaming Behaviors Of Phc Pelletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Lightweight Polyphenylene Oxide/High‐Impact Polystyrene Composite Bead Foam Parts via In‐Mold Foaming and Molding Technology

et al. 2021

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“…The gas diffusivity of small molecule CO 2 in PEI ranged from 1.81 Â 10 À14 to 2.46 Â 10 À12 m 2 s À1 , which is about 2-4 orders of magnitudes lower that of PLA with T g of 55 C. [39] The desorption curves in Figure 2B further illustrated the gas-saturated PEI exhibited a slow CO 2 escape rate and a low gas concentration reduction after desorption for 24 h. Similar phenomena was also obtained by Jiang et al, where the CO 2 / acetone-saturated PEI beads could be foamed after being desorbed 6 days. [57] The stable residual CO 2 in PEI filament make it is possible to in situ foaming FDM printing of PEI bionic scaffolds.…”

Section: Gas Desorption Measurements Of Pei Filamentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of Bionic Porous Polyetherimide Structure by an In Situ Foaming Fused Deposition Modeling Process

Zhou

Jiang

et al. 2021

Adv Eng Mater

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A wide variety of organisms in nature have excellent structures, which are far superior to artificial machinery. [1] Inspired by nature, the structural characteristics of biological systems were mimicked to design similar new bionic materials, [2,3] to obtain more reliable, efficient, and intelligent material. [4] Porous structure was a prevalent structure in many organisms in nature, such as leaves, [5] trees, and other plants, whose cell structure enhanced fluid transport and adsorption in plant. Porous structures in the fur of animals [6] could reduce the weight of the fur while insulating the heat to maintain the body temperature. [7] The unique hexagonal structure of honeycomb [8] had maximum space utilization and excellent mechanical properties. The porous structure in the skeleton [9] facilitated cell adhesion and growth. And the hierarchical porous structure with both macropores and micropores were more capable of fast mass transfer, [10][11][12] showing great potential for applications in catalysis, [13] adsorption, [5] lithium-ion batteries, [14] fuel cell, [15] supercapacitor, [15] etc.However, it is challenging to construct biomimetic hierarchical porous materials artificially. Most of the methods traditionally used to fabricate cell structures are selective etching, salt leaching, phase separation, foaming, freeze-drying, ice crystal template method, etc. Huang et al. [16] used thermally induced phase separation-salt leaching to prepare polyamide porous bionic scaffolds. Zhai et al. used physical foaming and bead compression molding process to prepare a variety of polymer porous foams, such as polypropylene, [17] polystyrene, [18] polylactic acid (PLA), [19] polycarbonate, [20] polyetherimide, [21] thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) [22] foams, etc. Bai et al. prepared bone tissue scaffolds with gradient channel pores through the ice crystal template method, [23] manufactured polar bear fur bionic porous fibers via the freeze-drying technology. [24] Nevertheless, these methods are complicated to operate and face great difficulties in mimicking complex, fine, and layered porous structures.The introduction of 3D printing technology, such as direct ink writing (DIW), [25][26][27] selective laser melting (SLM), [28,29] fused deposition modeling (FDM), [30,31] and digital light processing (DLP) [32,33] has taken the design and construction of bionic structures a step further. Compared with traditional molding methods, 3D printing technology possessed extremely high degree of design freedom. However, 3D printing technology is not only limited by the printable materials, but also its limited resolution do not allow the preparation of microscopic holes. It usually also needs to be combined with conventional technologies to prepare hierarchical porous structures with both macroscopic and microscopic pores. For instance, Song et al. [34] used SLM technology

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“…A large amount of literature shows that supercritical physical foaming produced foam membranes and foam plates with various cell structures, such as a gradient or uniform cell structure. [13,14] Hu et al [15] developed a process combining fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing with solid-state CO 2 foaming and successfully manufactured the hierarchical porous parts with microcellular structures and honeycomb lattices. As a highly anticipated porous material, porous fibers have both wearability and continuous production capacity compared with porous membranes, porous plates, and porous parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microextrusion Foaming of Polyetheretherketone Fiber: Mechanical and Thermal Insulation Properties

Zhou

Jiang

et al. 2021

Adv Eng Mater

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Porous polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials, especially those with controllability and excellent mechanical properties, have always been the development hotspots in the fields of thermal insulation and medical bone implants. However, the traditional sulfonation process of porous PEEK materials has the problems of applying abundant high‐concentration solvents, high production costs, low resource utilization, and environmental pollution. Herein, a microextrusion foaming process with using CO2 as a blowing agent is proposed for creating porous PEEK fibers under different parameters. The as‐prepared porous PEEK fiber possesses well‐defined cell morphology, high toughness (136.2%), and excellent thermal insulation properties (13.4 ± 1.50 °C), resulting from the high cell nucleation rate and limited‐time cell growth (<0.85 s). All in all, the microextrusion foaming process provides unprecedented opportunities for continuous manufacturing and functional development of porous PEEK fibers.

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Poly(ether imide)/Epoxy Foam Composites with a Microcellular Structure and Ultralow Density: Bead Foam Fabrication, Compression Molding, Mechanical Properties, Thermal Stability, and Flame-Retardant Properties

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

Fabrication of Lightweight Polyphenylene Oxide/High‐Impact Polystyrene Composite Bead Foam Parts via In‐Mold Foaming and Molding Technology

Fabrication of Lightweight Polyphenylene Oxide/High‐Impact Polystyrene Composite Bead Foam Parts via In‐Mold Foaming and Molding Technology

Construction of Bionic Porous Polyetherimide Structure by an In Situ Foaming Fused Deposition Modeling Process

Microextrusion Foaming of Polyetheretherketone Fiber: Mechanical and Thermal Insulation Properties

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