Poly(ether ether ketone)s processed through extrusion-machining and 3D printing: A comparative study on mechanical, thermal and fracture properties at ambient and cryogenic environments

Abstract

Poly Ether Ether Ketone (PEEK) is a very promising engineering thermoplastic material having capability to perform over wide service temperatures from cryogenic to around 300°C. Processing of PEEK is a challenging task, owing to its physical, thermo physical properties and chemical nature. The present paper envisages processing of PEEK by two different techniques viz, 3D printing and extrusion and assessment of properties of respective specimens at 30°C and −196°C. Thermal and mechanical properties and fracture morphological features of PEEK specimen, processed using these techniques are compared. Samples processed by extrusion possessed higher mechanical properties both at 30°C and −196°C. The 3D printed samples, though exhibited inferior strength and modulus, showed significantly higher elongation (150–250%) at 30°C. All samples showed ductile fracture behavior at 30°C. At −196°C, the fracture morphology got transformed in to a pattern typical of brittle materials, as expected. Extruded specimens showed lower thermal expansion coefficient compared to the 3D printed specimens. Thermal expansion characteristics were different in the X, Y and Z directions for 3D printed specimens due to the anisotropy resulting from printing direction which is corroborated by the morphological studies. The results of this investigation enable designing and fabrication of PEEK based structural components of desired geometries for various applications.

Development of fiber-reinforced polylactic acid filaments using untreated/silane-treated trichosanthes cucumerina fibers for additive manufacturing

“…The 3D-printed PLA material, on the other hand, has poorer mechanical strength and heat resistance. 3,4 The component strength is determined by the polymeric material used, the reinforcement used, and the printing process parameters used. 5,6 One such improvement in 3D-printed components is adding reinforcement with various forms: fibers, fillers, and flakes.…”