Poly(Chlorotrifluoroethylene) Substitution Reactions

(Co)polymers of Chlorotrifluoroethylene: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

“…Taylor et al extensively reported the modification of PCTFE particularly in the presence of a cobalt(II) trapping agent generated in situ from the chloro(pyridine)cobaloxime(III)/magnesium redox couple (Schemes and ). Using a substitution of the PCTFE chlorine atom, it was possible to introduce various functional groups such as carboxylic acid, − aldehyde, alcohol, , aromatic, − pyridine, alkyl, ,, allylic, , and mercapto . Cais and Kometani also used a displacement mechanism for the dechlorination of PCTFE in order to obtain poly(CTFE- co -trifluoroethylene) or poly(trifluoroethylene) using tributyl tin hydride.…”

“…The first review on PCTFE by Chandrasekaran was published in 1985 . This was followed by Ruesch and Ferstandig’s review in 1993 (updated twice since then , ), Taylor et al’s chapter on the modification of PCTFE in 1997, a book chapter in 1999 (Hougham et al), and more recently another chapter by Millet and Kosmala . Considering the activity in this field, it seems timely to write an up-to-date and comprehensive review, which also, for the first time, includes CTFE copolymers.…”

Synthesis of Heterograft Copolymers with a Semifluorinated Backbone by Combination of Grafting-through and Grafting-from Polymerizations

“…Although fluorinated polymers are often considered as relatively inert, chlorine on the PCTFE backbone is susceptible to undergo a variety of chemical modifications while keeping the advantages of fluorinated (co)­polymers . As a result, introducing ester, alcohol, and aromatic groups into PCTFE backbone was demonstrated by using diverse metal carbonyl as catalyst . Feasibility of “grafting-from” polymerization via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was also reported by utilizing the chlorine as an initiator.…”

“…1 As a result, introducing ester, alcohol, and aromatic groups into PCTFE backbone was demonstrated by using diverse metal carbonyl as catalyst. 11 Feasibility of "grafting-from" polymerization via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was also reported by utilizing the chlorine as an initiator. Graft copolymers containing side chains of polystyrenics, polyacrylates, and polymethacrylates have been successfully synthesized.…”