Poly(butylene terephthalate) — Synthesis, Properties, Application

Antić, Vesna; Pergal, Marija V.

doi:10.1002/9781118104729.ch5

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a very important thermoplastic polyester, with an excellent balance of properties, combining high strength, toughness, and dimensional stability, 1 being widely used in a vast number of engineering applications, including electrical and electronic devices, and components for the automobile industry. 2 Some of the important properties of PBT are related to its semicrystalline nature, reaching a degree of crystallinity of up to 60%, depending on the molar mass and processing conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The investigation of the stress cracking behavior of PBT by acoustic emission

Braz

Silva

Wellen

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Despite being a major cause of failure of polymer products under service, environmental stress cracking (ESC) is still a phenomenon poorly investigated and, as consequence, not fully understood. This article aims to contribute to this field in a study of the stress cracking behavior of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) exposed to ethanol (a common fluid, used in several daily situations), by means of two types of mechanical tests (tensile and stress relaxation). During mechanical testing the technique of acoustic emission (AE) was applied to identify certain mechanisms of internal failure.As a non-destructive technique, AE is widely used with metals to monitor the integrity of components but it is very scarcely applied to polymers. The article, therefore, innovates by using AE as a tool to better understand the ESC behavior of an engineering polymer produced under different conditions. The PBT samples were prepared by injection molding, using different mold temperatures (20 C, 40 C, and 80 C), resulting in different crystallinities. The results showed that the tensile properties were highly dependent on the crosshead speed and that ethanol affected the mechanical performance of the materials, anticipating the necking, but its evaporation during the experiment reduced the actual temperature on the sample bar. This latter effect caused an unexpected behavior, with an increase in tensile strength and reduction of stress relaxation rate, the opposite trends that would be expected from a stress cracking agent. The crystallinity of PBT had some influence on the results, with the more crystalline samples being more resistant to ESC, as observed by both stress relaxation and AE analyses. The technique of AE showed to be a very useful tool to understand the mechanical behavior and to differentiate the various testing conditions, with the detection and quantification of hits and released energy, related to the several stages of deformation and failure, including the formation of shear bands, nucleation and growth of crazes and cracks, and so forth. The fracture surface analyses by scanning electron microscopy were very consistent with the AE experiments, in which rough topography were related to high acoustic activities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The investigation of the stress cracking behavior of PBT by acoustic emission

Braz

Silva

Wellen

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…injection-molding applications with short cycle times, and the relatively high crystallinity gives the material an excellent solvent resistance. Hitherto, many authors already reported on the melt (co)polymerization − and the physical properties ,− of PBT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate, the most suitable route toward PBT is M-PC . As reported earlier, various catalyst systems have been developed for the M-PC of PBT. ,,, However, it remains challenging to obtain a sufficiently high molecular weight PBT by M-PC. The limited thermal stability of PBT significantly restricts temperature conditions applied during the polymerization process. ,, Therefore, solid-state polycondensation (SS-PC), carried out between T g and T m of these semicrystalline materials, is the most suitable and commonly used method to enhance the molecular weight of such polyesters without the excessive occurrence of the undesired chain-breaking pyrolysis reactions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-State Modification of Poly(butylene terephthalate) with a Bio-Based Fatty Acid Dimer Diol Furnishing Copolyesters with Unique Morphologies

et al. 2013

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Copolyesters based on poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and a bio-based fatty acid dimer diol (FADD) were prepared by solid-state modification (SSM). The chemical incorporation of the FADD into the backbone of the PBT was proven using various techniques. It was clear that the incorporation rate was diffusion-limited rather than reactionlimited. From quantitative 13 C NMR a nonrandom chemical microstructure was obtained at all compositions. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed a morphology of stacks of lamellar PBT crystals with amorphous regions that display microphase separation between the PBT-rich chain segments and the FADDrich chain segments. This microphase separation is strongly dependent on the composition of the copolyester and was clearly demonstrated by the presence of two T g s in copolyesters with FADD contents exceeding 10 wt %. SAXS revealed that especially at a FADD content of 41 wt % a strongly microphaseseparated morphology was obtained.

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“…By 2026, the global PBT market is expected to reach 1.5 million metric tons [15]. PBT is a fast-crystallizing polymer, making it ideal for high-cycle-time extrusion and injection-molding applications [16]. Given its excellent properties, PBT is the preferred material when high strength, good dimensional stability, resistance to various chemicals, and good insulation are required as well as when bearing and wear characteristics play a role in material selection.…”

Section: Polybutylene Terephthalate (Pbt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(Lactic Acid) / Polyester Blends: Review of Current and Future Applications

Kuru¹,

Kaya

2023

EJRnD

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Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a promising polymer with its value and potential due to its sustainability, low carbon footprint, and being a superior bio-based polymer compared to other bioplastics. Since it is also a compostable aliphatic polyester, has been frequently subjected to research. Researchers have conducted studies on the compatibility of PLA, which is a bio-based, biodegradable, and compostable, renewable polymer, with traditional petrochemical-based polymers, especially polyesters such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). It is highly important that applications of PLA/polyester blends will ensure that the materials developed are not only economically and sustainable but also can meet current and future appropriate needs. PLA-based materials have some disadvantages such as slow biodegradation rate, high cost, and low toughness, and to eliminate mentioned drawbacks generally blends are prepared with petroleum-based polymers. In this review, information about the perspectives with studies for PLA/polyester blends; approaches to the subject, potential application areas, and contributions for the future were given.

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Poly(butylene terephthalate) — Synthesis, Properties, Application

Cited by 8 publications

References 115 publications

The investigation of the stress cracking behavior of PBT by acoustic emission

The investigation of the stress cracking behavior of PBT by acoustic emission

Solid-State Modification of Poly(butylene terephthalate) with a Bio-Based Fatty Acid Dimer Diol Furnishing Copolyesters with Unique Morphologies

Poly(Lactic Acid) / Polyester Blends: Review of Current and Future Applications

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