Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Polyester Synthesis Process and Product Development

Mahata, Denial; Karthikeyan, S.; Godse, R. R.; Gupta, Virendra K.

doi:10.1134/s1811238221010045

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…PBAT is a petroleum-based or partly bio-based but biodegradable linear aliphaticaromatic random copolyester composed of butylene terephthalate (BT) and butylene adipate (BA) [4,5] (Figure 1). BT is produced from the building blocks of terephthalic acid and 1,4-butanediol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BA is obtained by condensation of adipic acid and 1,4-butanediol. The molar ratio of the building blocks controls the polymer properties, processability, and biodegradability [5]. PBAT shows high toughness [6,7] but relatively low mechanical strength and high production costs [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The molar ratio of the building blocks controls the polymer properties, processability, and biodegradability [5]. PBAT shows high toughness [6,7] but relatively low mechanical strength and high production costs [5]. PLA is a linear aliphatic polyester produced through ring-opening polymerization of lactide [8,9] (Figure 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Determination of Molecular Weight-Dependent Miscibility of PBAT/PLA Blends

Kopitzky

Berrenrath

2021

Polymers

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Blends of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polylactide (PLA) have attracted the attention of academia and industry as a sustainable material. Unfortunately, this combination results in problems related to poor miscibility on the molecular level. This study mainly aims to determine the influence of molecular weights on the miscibility of PBAT/PLA blends. First, polymers with various molecular weights were obtained by the hydrolysis of PBAT and methanolysis of PLA. Second, the two components were solution-blended with different molecular weights and weight ratios. Third, each blend was heated to the molten state and subsequently stored at room temperature. Finally, the samples were tested using DSC and SEM. The thermal analysis indicated that the difference in glass transition temperature between both components decreased from about 91 °C to 57 °C and 0 °C, as the number-average molecular weights (Mn) decreased from 52/127 to 9.4/9 and 6.3/6.6 kg/mol. Moreover, the morphology changed from phase-separated with dispersed large particles gradually to uniform and homogeneous. This experimental work validated the trends predicted in the previous study, namely that PBAT/PLA blends changed the state from immiscible to partially miscible to fully miscible with decreasing Mn values. Moreover, we discussed the influencing factors such as weight ratio, temperature, and molecular structure on the miscibility. Based on the results, this work contributes to developing partially miscible and compatible blends without additives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Determination of Molecular Weight-Dependent Miscibility of PBAT/PLA Blends

Kopitzky

Berrenrath

2021

Polymers

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“…The synthesis of PBAT involves several steps in sequential reactors with increasing temperature and vacuum levels that suppress side reactions, such as hydrolysis. 157 By introducing chain extenders and branching agents, PBAT molecular weight, melting point, and mechanical properties are modified. The composition of terephthalate in PBAT affects the mechanical properties and biodegradability.…”

Section: Poly(butylene Adipate-co-terephthalate) (Pbat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PBAT is synthesized using 1,4-butanediol, terephthalic acid, and adipic acid by esterification and transesterification reactions. The synthesis of PBAT involves several steps in sequential reactors with increasing temperature and vacuum levels that suppress side reactions, such as hydrolysis . By introducing chain extenders and branching agents, PBAT molecular weight, melting point, and mechanical properties are modified.…”

Section: Current Biodegradable/compostable Plastics: Properties Biode...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Biodegradable Plastics: Chemistry, Applications, Properties, and Future Research Needs

et al. 2023

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Environmental concerns over waste plastics’ effect on the environment are leading to the creation of biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics may serve as a promising approach to manage the issue of environmental accumulation of plastic waste in the ocean and soil. Biodegradable plastics are the type of polymers that can be degraded by microorganisms into small molecules (e.g., H2O, CO2, and CH4). However, there are misconceptions surrounding biodegradable plastics. For example, the term “biodegradable” on product labeling can be misconstrued by the public to imply that the product will degrade under any environmental conditions. Such misleading information leads to consumer encouragement of excessive consumption of certain goods and increased littering of products labeled as “biodegradable”. This review not only provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art biodegradable plastics but also clarifies the definitions and various terms associated with biodegradable plastics, including oxo-degradable plastics, enzyme-mediated plastics, and biodegradation agents. Analytical techniques and standard test methods to evaluate the biodegradability of polymeric materials in alignment with international standards are summarized. The review summarizes the properties and industrial applications of previously developed biodegradable plastics and then discusses how biomass-derived monomers can create new types of biodegradable polymers by utilizing their unique chemical properties from oxygen-containing functional groups. The terminology and methodologies covered in the paper provide a perspective on directions for the design of new biodegradable polymers that possess not only advanced performance for practical applications but also environmental benefits.

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Synthesis and characterization of biobased copolyesters based on pentanediol: (2) Poly(pentylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)

Aboukeila,

Singh,

Klier

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Traditionally, most flexible food packaging is made of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) which cannot easily be recycled, nor will it degrade in a reasonable timescale. In this work, a biobased biodegradable polyester alternative was investigated as a possible replacement for LLDPE. High molecular weight poly (pentylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) with a 40/60 adipic acid/terephthalic acid mole ratio was synthesized using direct esterification and polycondensation. Glycerol and hexane‐1,2,5,6‐tetrol were added as branching agents to better match the structure of the LLDPE which in turn might help the ability of these materials in film‐blowing. Thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of the copolyesters were thoroughly investigated. All copolyesters had a weight‐average molecular weight of over 140,000 g/mol, which is necessary for proper rheology, and were thermally stable up to 350°C. The addition of branching agents led to a slight decrease in crystallinity, d‐spacing, melting temperature, enthalpy of melting, stress at break, and elongation at break. However, an increase in Young's modulus and complex viscosity at high frequency were observed compared to PPeAT60 without branching agent added. Although the improved crystallinity and mechanical properties of the copolyesters made them viable for film‐blowing, the slow crystallization rate creates a major challenge.Highlights Linear and branched poly(pentylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PPeAT) synthesized. Properties compared to commercial poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT). Glass and melting temperatures comparable to commercial PBAT. Extensional and shear viscosity comparable to commercial PBAT. PPeAT stiffness is factor of 2 higher than PBAT; ultimate properties similar.

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Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Polyester Synthesis Process and Product Development

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Experimental Determination of Molecular Weight-Dependent Miscibility of PBAT/PLA Blends

Experimental Determination of Molecular Weight-Dependent Miscibility of PBAT/PLA Blends

A Review of Biodegradable Plastics: Chemistry, Applications, Properties, and Future Research Needs

Synthesis and characterization of biobased copolyesters based on pentanediol: (2) Poly(pentylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)

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