Poly(arlyene ether sulfone) based semi-interpenetrating polymer network membranes containing cross-linked poly(vinyl phosphonic acid) chains for fuel cell applications at high temperature and low humidity conditions

Improved chemical stability and proton selectivity of semi‐interpenetrating polymer network amphoteric membrane for vanadium redox flow battery application

“…Generally, high IEC value and high WU would improve the proton conduction through the ionic channels embedded within the membranes. 46 Figure 7(a) shows the result of proton conductivity and Nafion117 is also presented as comparison.…”

Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) and Perfluorosulfonic Acid Composite Membranes Containing Perfluoropolyether Grafted Graphene Oxide for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

“…SPAES was synthesized by the condensation polymerization of the dihydroxy monomer (BP) with the mixture of DCDPS and SDCDPS as described in our previous report [5]. A 250 mL three-neck round bottom flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet and outlet, a Dean-Stark trap, a condenser, and an overhead mechanical stirrer, was charged with 5.00 g (26.9 mmol) of BP, 3.86 g (13.4 mmol) of DCDPS, 6.60 g (13.4 mmol) of SDCDPS, and 4.27 g (30.9 mmol) of K 2 CO 3 in 45.2 mL of NMP.…”

“…The most utilized perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes, such as Nafion, are composed of a very hydrophobic perfluoro backbone and polar side chains having sulfonic acid groups; the interconnected hydrophilic channels are, therefore, well developed, and can maintain high proton conductivity [4]. However, these PEMs have inherent drawbacks, which include high fuel permeability, low glass transition temperature, and poor thermomechanical properties above 80 °C [5,6]. These drawbacks have prompted the development of alternative PEMs using hydrocarbon-based polymers, including sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (SPAES)s, because of their advantages, such as low gas permeability, high thermal stability, and structural diversity [7,8].…”

Improving the Overall Characteristics of Proton Exchange Membranes via Nanophase Separation Technologies: A Progress Review

“…The membrane electrode assembly prepared using the crosslinked membrane delivered a peak power density at 1.80 × 10 3 W m −2 compared with that prepared using pure SPAES membrane at 1.45 × 10 3 W m −2 operated at 120 °C and 40% RH. The crosslinked proton exchange membrane could be further improved using bis(2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl) phosphate (BMAEP) instead of DEGDMA as crosslinking bi‐unsaturated monomer . This improved membrane showed high proton conductivity up to 1.5 S m −1 and delivered power density at 1.87 × 10 3 W m −2 under the same conditions.…”