Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Seawater and Plankton from the Northwestern Atlantic Margin

Zhang, Xianming; Lohmann, Rainer; Sunderland, Elsie M.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b03230

Cited by 91 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The contribution of PFAA precursors to field-based measurements of BAFs represents a major gap in understanding of PFAS bioaccumulation. For example, one study noted higher than expected accumulation of PFCA with 5 and 6 carbons in marine plankton from the northwestern Atlantic and posited that this reflects the accumulation of degraded precursor compounds (Zhang et al 2019). Another study that included liver tissues from marine mammals from the same region found a large fraction (30-75%) of unidentified organofluorine (Spaan et al 2020).…”

Section: Pfas Bioaccumulation Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding

Silva

Armitage

Bruton

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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405

225

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We synthesize current understanding of the magnitudes and methods for assessing human and wildlife exposures to poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Most human exposure assessments have focused on 2 to 5 legacy PFAS, and wildlife assessments are typically limited to targeted PFAS (up to ~30 substances). However, shifts in chemical production are occurring rapidly, and targeted methods for detecting PFAS have not kept pace with these changes. Total fluorine measurements complemented by suspect screening using high‐resolution mass spectrometry are thus emerging as essential tools for PFAS exposure assessment. Such methods enable researchers to better understand contributions from precursor compounds that degrade into terminal perfluoroalkyl acids. Available data suggest that diet is the major human exposure pathway for some PFAS, but there is large variability across populations and PFAS compounds. Additional data on total fluorine in exposure media and the fraction of unidentified organofluorine are needed. Drinking water has been established as the major exposure source in contaminated communities. As water supplies are remediated, for the general population, exposures from dust, personal care products, indoor environments, and other sources may be more important. A major challenge for exposure assessments is the lack of statistically representative population surveys. For wildlife, bioaccumulation processes differ substantially between PFAS and neutral lipophilic organic compounds, prompting a reevaluation of traditional bioaccumulation metrics. There is evidence that both phospholipids and proteins are important for the tissue partitioning and accumulation of PFAS. New mechanistic models for PFAS bioaccumulation are being developed that will assist in wildlife risk evaluations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:631–657. © 2020 SETAC

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Section: Pfas Bioaccumulation Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding

Silva

Armitage

Bruton

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Self Cite

405

225

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the same time, oceans are regarded as vital resources for the society and a large fraction of human populations that directly depend on them for their own survival and welfare [125]. Sea waters and oceans constitute major environmental receptors of PFAS substances released and dispersed through multiple mechanisms so that their presence has been largely documented worldwide [126] (see Figure 3). One site of intense investigation has been the Chinese Sea which is part of the Pacific Ocean, and a very important sea lane in the world.…”

Section: Pfas Occurrence In Marine Water and Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PFAS Molecules: A Major Concern for the Human Health and the Environment

Panieri

Baralić

Đukić-Ćosić

et al. 2022

Toxics

183

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of over 4700 heterogeneous compounds with amphipathic properties and exceptional stability to chemical and thermal degradation. The unique properties of PFAS compounds has been exploited for almost 60 years and has largely contributed to their wide applicability over a vast range of industrial, professional and non-professional uses. However, increasing evidence indicate that these compounds represent also a serious concern for both wildlife and human health as a result of their ubiquitous distribution, their extreme persistence and their bioaccumulative potential. In light of the adverse effects that have been already documented in biota and human populations or that might occur in absence of prompt interventions, the competent authorities in matter of health and environment protection, the industries as well as scientists are cooperating to identify the most appropriate regulatory measures, substitution plans and remediation technologies to mitigate PFAS impacts. In this review, starting from PFAS chemistry, uses and environmental fate, we summarize the current knowledge on PFAS occurrence in different environmental media and their effects on living organisms, with a particular emphasis on humans. Also, we describe present and provisional legislative measures in the European Union framework strategy to regulate PFAS manufacture, import and use as well as some of the most promising treatment technologies designed to remediate PFAS contamination in different environmental compartments.

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“…8. When eventual independent, impact-oriented science became possible in the early 2000s, empirical research revealed that many PFAS studied behave in novel ways in the human body (i.e., bioaccumulating in human blood versus fat), atmosphere (widespread atmospheric dissemination, see Ellis et al 2004), and in oceans, called "the terminal sink for PFAS" (see Zhang et al 2019). PFAS are a uniquely persistent class of chemicals (Cousins et al 2020).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Producing Ignorance Through Regulatory Structure: The Case of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

Richter

Cordner

Brown

2020

Sociological Perspectives

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This article examines how ignorance can be produced by regulatory systems. Using the case of contamination from per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), we identify patterns of institutionalized ignorance in U.S. chemical regulation. Drawing on in-depth interviews and archival research, we develop a chemical regulatory pathway approach to study knowledge and ignorance production through the regulatory framework, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Investigating TSCA’s operation, we consider why PFAS were relatively recently recognized as a significant public health threat, despite evidence of their risks in the 1960s. The historical context of TSCA’s enactment, including the mobilization of the chemical industry, contributed to the institutionalization of organizational practices promoting distinct types of ignorance based on stakeholder position: chemical manufacturers who have discretion over knowledge production and dissemination, regulators who operate under selective ignorance, and communities and consumers who experience nescience, or total surprise.

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Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Seawater and Plankton from the Northwestern Atlantic Margin

Cited by 91 publications

References 82 publications

PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding

PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding

PFAS Molecules: A Major Concern for the Human Health and the Environment

Producing Ignorance Through Regulatory Structure: The Case of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

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