Poly(alkycyanoacrylate) nanoparticles for enhanced delivery of therapeutics – is there real potential?

Abstract

The properties inherent in poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (PACA) nanoparticles, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability of the polymer, a simple preparation process and particularly the entrapment of bioactives, specifically proteins and peptides, have sparked extensive interest in these nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Research has focused on the oral route of administration, however ocular, transdermal and delivery across the blood-brain barrier have also been investigated. Despite numerous promising studies, no formulation with this colloidal carrier has been marketed to date. A number of factors have been identified as interfering with the reproducibility of in vitro and in vivo results, which impedes the comparison of the plethora of experiments done with PACA nanoparticles. This review will highlight the challenges and opportunities of using PACA nanoparticles as drug delivery systems, including polymerisation mechanisms and templates, entrapment, release, nanoparticle uptake and toxicity. In vitro and in vivo studies, as well as possible surface modifications for targeted delivery in the human field and veterinary applications of PACA nanoparticles are reviewed. Emphasis will be placed on microemulsions as templates for the preparation of PACA nanoparticles and oral delivery of proteins and peptides.

Enhanced antitumor activity of doxorubicin in breast cancer through the use of poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles

“…19,22,34,35 More specifically, the rapid drug release during the first phase could be due to the loss of DOX-molecules that are surface associated and/or poorly entrapped (only adsorbed to the surface pores). These molecules rapidly diffused into the incubation medium.…”

Poly(butylcyanoacrylate) and Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanoparticles Loaded with 5-Fluorouracil Increase the Cytotoxic Effect of the Drug in Experimental Colon Cancer

“…5-FU release during the slower second phase, however, may correspond to the drug fraction deeply embedded within the polymeric nanomatrices, which may follow a longer diffusion path before being released into the surrounding medium. In the specific case of PBCA NPs, drug release could be the consequence of either particle disintegration due to surface erosion, drug diffusion through the polymeric matrix, or both (30,32). Whereas, with respect to PCL NPs, 5-FU release during this second phase could be due to drug diffusion through the polymeric matrix as opposed to polymer disintegration, which for PCL is a very slow process in an aqueous medium given its considerable hydrophobic character (18,31,33).…”

“…and Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanoparticles 5-FU release at pH 7.4 from PBCA (and PCL) NPs showed a biphasic process, typical of these polymers (18,(30)(31)(32)(33). Such a sustained drug-release profile was characterized by an initial rapid (burst) 5-FU release phase (up to ≈27% and ≈16% in from PBCA NPs and PCL NPs in 3 h, respectively), with the remaining 5-FU molecules being released in a more sustained manner (over a period of 93 and 117 h from PBCA NPs and PCL NPs, respectively) (Fig.…”

Advances in drug delivery systems based on synthetic poly(hydroxybutyrate) (co)polymers

“…Currently, nanoparticles are usually made of poly(lactide) (PLA) [3,23,29,131], poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) [3,131,[135][136][137], poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) [138][139][140] and poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) [3,33,34] that are biocompatible and biodegradable copolymers. Among various available nanomaterials, PHB-based nanoparticles are promising drug delivery systems (DDSs).…”