Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) as polymeric crosslinking accelerator for sulphur network formation

Abstract

The major controlling factors that determine the various mechanical properties of an elastomer system are type of chemical crosslinking and crosslink density of the polymer network. In this study, a catalytic amount of acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (NBR) was used as a co-accelerator for the curing of polybutadiene (BR) elastomer. After the addition of this copolymer along with other conventional sulphur ingredients in polybutadiene compounds, a clear and distinct effect on the curing and other physical characteristics was noticed. The crosslinking density of BR was increased, as evidenced by rheometric properties, solid-state NMR and swelling studies. The vulcanization kinetics study revealed a substantial lowering of the activation energy of the sulphur crosslinking process when acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer was used in the formulation. The compounds were also prepared in the presence of carbon black and silica, and it was found that in the carbon black filled system the catalytic effect of the NBR was eminent. The effect was not only reflected in the mechanical performance but also the low-temperature crystallization behavior of BR systems was altered.

The Versatility in the Applications of Dithiocarbamates

“…Vulcanization accelerator is required for large scale production of rubber becaused it improves the state and rate of crosslinking of rubber during the process [179]. Thiocarbanilide, guanidine and aniline have been used as accelerators, and the vulcanization process (in their presence) was found to be faster than sulphur vulcanization.…”

“…Thiocarbanilide, guanidine and aniline have been used as accelerators, and the vulcanization process (in their presence) was found to be faster than sulphur vulcanization. However, these accelerators showed different levels of toxicity [179,180]. Vulcanization of nitrile butadiene and other types of rubber are now speeded up by dithiocarbamate.…”

“…Vulcanization of nitrile butadiene and other types of rubber are now speeded up by dithiocarbamate. This is due to its ability to simultaneously enhance the state and rate of vulcanization [179]. Wang et al [181] investigated the effect of using sodium, zinc and lanthanium dithiocarbamate as a vulcanization accelerator.…”

Latex-Based Membrane for Oily Wastewater Filtration: Study on the Sulfur Concentration Effect

“…where V is the crosslink density; is the volume fraction of rubber; is the molar volume of solvent (toluene = 106.2 cm 3 /mol) [16]; x is the rubber-solvent interaction parameter (x = 0.435) [38].…”

Synergistic combination of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and nitrosoamine-safe thiuram disulfide as advanced rubber vulcanizing accelerators

“…Different preventive measures have been taken to reduce toxicity, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] but using nitrosamine-safe accelerators [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] was the most important from a technological point of view. The term "safe-amine" is used for the amine which does not form carcinogenic nitrosamines on nitrosation.…”