Poly (acrylonitrile – co -1-vinylimidazole): A new melt processable carbon fiber precursor

Deng, Wenjin; Lobovsky, Alexander; Iacono, Scott T.; Wu, Tianyu; Tomar, Neetu; Budy, Stephen M.; Long, Timothy Edward; Hoffman, Wesley P.; Smith, Dennis W.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2010.11.054

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Oxidation reactions undergo elimination of hydrogen and addition of oxygen. Meanwhile, the cyclization process leads to the formation of a ladder-like structure in the PAN molecule [ 12 , 13 ]. However, the rapid and exothermic process during cyclization causes sudden volatile loss which breaks the chains and damages the fiber structure [ 14 ]; consequently, causing mass loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Acrylonitrile/Butyl Acrylate/Fumaronitrile and Acrylonitrile/Ethyl Hexyl Acrylate/Fumaronitrile Terpolymers as a Potential Precursor for Carbon Fiber

2014

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A synthesis of acrylonitrile (AN)/butyl acrylate (BA)/fumaronitrile (FN) and AN/EHA (ethyl hexyl acrylate)/FN terpolymers was carried out by redox polymerization using sodium bisulfite (SBS) and potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiator at 40 °C. The effect of comonomers, BA and EHA and termonomer, FN on the glass transition temperature (T g ) and stabilization temperature was studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The degradation behavior and char yield were obtained by Thermogravimetric Analysis. The conversions of AN, comonomers (BA and EHA) and FN were 55%-71%, 85%-91% and 76%-79%, respectively. It was found that with the same comonomer feed (10%), the T g of AN/EHA copolymer was lower at 63 °C compared to AN/BA copolymer (70 °C). AN/EHA/FN terpolymer also exhibited a lower T g at 63 °C when compared to that of the AN/BA/FN terpolymer (67 °C). By incorporating BA and EHA into a PAN system, the char yield was reduced to ~38.0% compared to that of AN (~47.7%). It was found that FN reduced the initial cyclization temperature of AN/BA/FN and AN/EHA/FN terpolymers to 228 and 221 °C, respectively, in comparison to that of AN/BA and AN/EHA copolymers (~260 °C). In addition, FN reduced the heat liberation per unit time during the stabilization process that consequently reduced the emission of OPEN ACCESSMaterials 2014, 7 6208 volatile group during this process. As a result, the char yields of AN/BA/FN and AN/EHA/FN terpolymers are higher at ~45.1% and ~43.9%, respectively, as compared to those of AN/BA copolymer (37.1%) and AN/EHA copolymer (38.0%).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Acrylonitrile/Butyl Acrylate/Fumaronitrile and Acrylonitrile/Ethyl Hexyl Acrylate/Fumaronitrile Terpolymers as a Potential Precursor for Carbon Fiber

2014

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“…The samples were each individually evaluated at varying ratios to the bulk polymer while being tested on the DSC, TGA, and capillary rheometer while keeping the molar ratio of AN to VIM in the bulk polymer at 82:18 AN/VIM (28). The original AN/VIM copolymer shows a T g of 115 °C, and with the addition of the plasticizer additives, the T g changes with the amount of additive used.…”

Section: Commercial Plasticizer Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poly(acrylonitrile-co-1-vinylimidazole) (AN/VIM) copolymers [25,26] have been reported by several researchers, especially of recent publications by Deng, et. al., where they reported the possibility of these copolymers could be used as precursors for carbon fibers without using UV treatment [28]. VIM comonomer can disrupt PAN crystallinity to make it melt-processable, while the unsaturated pendant imidazole groups enable the precursor to be thermally crosslinkable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VIM comonomer can disrupt PAN crystallinity to make it melt-processable, while the unsaturated pendant imidazole groups enable the precursor to be thermally crosslinkable. Also, VIM will help in balancing the atomic ratio of nitrogen to carbon (N/C) which is related to microstructure of these precursors and further affects the structure and mechanical properties of carbon fibers [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasticization for melt viscosity reduction of melt processable carbon fiber precursor

Batchelor

Mahmood

Jung

et al. 2016

Carbon

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Fibers of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), or commonly referred to as acrylic fibers, are found to have many applications. Acrylic fibers are used as a textile medium for high quality and high performance yarns and fabrics, and also as the main supply of precursors for carbon fibers. The main reason of its use as carbon fiber precursor is that the polymer gives high mechanical properties with high carbon yield compared to other polymers. However, a major issue with current carbon fiber production from PAN is the use of a solvent spinning process for the preparation of polymer fiber precursor with hazardous solvents, and its safe reclamation. This study presents a solution by a solvent-free melt-spinning process with a copolymer produced from acrylonitrile (AN) with 1-vinylimidazole (VIM). A further significant improvement of the melt-spinning process is found with the additional use of a new oligomer as a plasticizer; the oligomer was prepared by polymerizing AN and methyl-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) acrylate (IA). The AN/VIM copolymer has glass transition temperature (T g) of 115 °C but the plasticizer use lowers it to 75°C. Thus, the oligomer plasticizer broadens the temperature range of melt-spinning processability. A carbon fiber prepared utilizing 8 wt% of the synthesized oligomer (Mn = 5KDa) and high molecular weight base copolymer (Mn = 47KDa), tensile strength of 1.9 GPa and modulus of 190 GPa have been achieved.

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“…However, due to the high cost of petroleum-based precursors and their associated processing costs, carbon fiber remains a specialty product and as such has been limited to use in high-end aerospace, sporting goods, automotive, and specialist industrial applications [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and thermal properties of polyethylene-based carbonized fibers

Kim¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2015

Carbon letters

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In this study, carbonized fibers were prepared by using acidically cross-linked LDPE fibers. The surface morphologies of the carbonized fibers were observed by SEM. The effects of cross-linking process temperatures were studied using thermal analyses such as DSC and TGA. The melting and heating enthalpy of the fibers decreased as the cross-linking temperature increased. The cross-linked fibers had a carbonization yield of over 50%. From SEM results the highest yield of carbonized LDPE-based fibers was obtained by cross-linking at a sulfate temperature (170 o C). As a result, carbonation yield of the carbonized fibers was found to depend on the functions of the cross-linking ratio of the LDPE precursors.

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Poly (acrylonitrile – co -1-vinylimidazole): A new melt processable carbon fiber precursor

Cited by 41 publications

References 106 publications

Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Acrylonitrile/Butyl Acrylate/Fumaronitrile and Acrylonitrile/Ethyl Hexyl Acrylate/Fumaronitrile Terpolymers as a Potential Precursor for Carbon Fiber

Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Acrylonitrile/Butyl Acrylate/Fumaronitrile and Acrylonitrile/Ethyl Hexyl Acrylate/Fumaronitrile Terpolymers as a Potential Precursor for Carbon Fiber

Plasticization for melt viscosity reduction of melt processable carbon fiber precursor

Preparation and thermal properties of polyethylene-based carbonized fibers

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