Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Nanorods with Aligned Chain Orientation for Organic Photovoltaics

Kim, Jong Soo; Park, Yunmin; Lee, Dong Yun; Lee, Ji Hwang; Park, Jong Hwan; Kim, Jin Kon; Cho, Kilwon

doi:10.1002/adfm.200901760

Cited by 221 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Poly(3-hexylthiophene) is a particularly useful solution processed semiconducting polymer, because it offers a high fieldeffect mobility in organic field-effect transistors (18,23) and benefits from absorption in the visible solar spectrum as a donor material in organic solar cells (12). Thin films of poly(3-hexylthiophene) are employed in the fabrication of electronic devices such as photoelectrochemical cells (15), textured photovoltaics, and nanorod solar cells (9,12).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conducting polymers polyaniline (PANi), polythiophene, and their derivatives such as poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are commonly processed into nanoscale thin films via spin coating (1,(5)(6)(7) for applications in organic photovoltaics, thin film transistors, and electrochromic devices (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). However, spin coating is a technique that suffers from a low material utilization yield and is therefore not cost-effective (11), a fact that hinders its potential for scale-up.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal evaporation can cause deformation of a substrate due to gradients in temperature during deposition; this method also requires high vacuum and/or high temperature equipment (11). Hard templates can improve order in film morphology but are difficult to remove (12,13). Another method called in situ polymerization can lead to nanoscale order in a transparent polyaniline film but requires 24 h at 5°C for deposition of a single layer (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Versatile solution for growing thin films of conducting polymers

D’Arcy

Tran²,

Tung³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The method employed for depositing nanostructures of conducting polymers dictates potential uses in a variety of applications such as organic solar cells, light-emitting diodes, electrochromics, and sensors. A simple and scalable film fabrication technique that allows reproducible control of thickness, and morphological homogeneity at the nanoscale, is an attractive option for industrial applications. Here we demonstrate that under the proper conditions of volume, doping, and polymer concentration, films consisting of monolayers of conducting polymer nanofibers such as polyaniline, polythiophene, and poly(3-hexylthiophene) can be produced in a matter of seconds. A thermodynamically driven solution-based process leads to the growth of transparent thin films of interfacially adsorbed nanofibers. High quality transparent thin films are deposited at ambient conditions on virtually any substrate. This inexpensive process uses solutions that are recyclable and affords a new technique in the field of conducting polymers for coating large substrate areas.Marangoni | surface tension | thin film technology | organic electronics C onducting polymers hold promise as flexible, inexpensive materials for use in electronic applications including solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and chemiresistor-type sensors (1-3). Whereas traditional nonconjugated polymers are often solutionprocessable, many organic conducting polymers have been notoriously difficult to process into films. Thin films of conducting polymers offer a large ratio of charge carriers to volume of active layer (4) and can achieve high field-effect mobilities as a result of low-dimensional transport (5). Therefore a simple, scalable, cost-effective deposition technique for conducting polymers that produces a uniform thin film morphology reproducibly is needed.Film-forming methods for conducting polymers on the basis of solution processing, electrochemistry, and thermal annealing have been reported in the literature but suffer from a variety of problems. The conducting polymers polyaniline (PANi), polythiophene, and their derivatives such as poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are commonly processed into nanoscale thin films via spin coating (1, 5-7) for applications in organic photovoltaics, thin film transistors, and electrochromic devices (8-12). However, spin coating is a technique that suffers from a low material utilization yield and is therefore not cost-effective (11), a fact that hinders its potential for scale-up. Another well known deposition strategy is the electrochemical growth of conducting polymer thin films via galvanostatic, potentiostatic, or voltammetric routes (9,(13)(14)(15)). An inherent limitation of using electricity for thin film deposition is the dual role played by the electrode/substrate, which excludes the possibility of film deposition on a nonconducting substrate. This problem also applies to electrospraying because it requires a high voltage across electrodes (11). Other solution-based methods also present challenges; for example, the Lang...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Versatile solution for growing thin films of conducting polymers

D’Arcy

Tran²,

Tung³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The relationship between the changed structural formation and the electrical performance for the TMC-induced nanostructure film was investigated using conducting-probe AFM 35,36 . We measured the contact current on the pristine P3HT and P3HT:PSS films by applying a negative bias (V bias ¼ À 5 V) to a Pt/Cr-coated tip (the Au electrode was grounded).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Template-mediated nano-crystallite networks in semiconducting polymers

Kwon

Kweon

et al. 2014

Nat Commun

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Unlike typical inorganic semiconductors with a crystal structure, the charge dynamics of p-conjugated polymers (p-CPs) are severely limited by the presence of amorphous portions between the ordered crystalline regions. Thus, the formation of interconnected pathways along crystallites of p-CPs is desired to ensure highly efficient charge transport in printable electronics. Here we report the formation of nano-crystallite networks in p-CP films by employing novel template-mediated crystallization (TMC) via polaron formation and electrostatic interaction. The lateral and vertical charge transport of TMC-treated films increased by two orders of magnitude compared with pristine p-CPs. In particular, because of the unprecedented room temperature and solution-processing advantages of our TMC method, we achieve a field-effect mobility of 0.25 cm 2 V À 1 s À 1 using a plastic substrate, which corresponds to the highest value reported thus far. Because our findings can be applied to various p-conjugated semiconductors, our approach is universal and is expected to yield high-performance printable electronics.

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“…It is also worth noting that the aspect ratio of the nanorods was optimized in order to prevent from aggregation and collapse. Recently, Kim et al [379] fabricated organic photovoltaic devices using P3HT nanorod arrays obtained from similar AAO template-assisted method. The device yielded around 1.12% power conversion efficiency.…”

Section: Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Template-based syntheses for shape controlled nanostructures

Pérez-Page

et al. 2016

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

117

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A variety of nanostructured materials are produced through template-based synthesis methods, including zerodimensional, one-dimensional, and two-dimensional structures. These span different forms such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanoflakes, and nanosheets. Many physical characteristics of these materials such as the shape and size can be finely controlled through template selection and as a result, their properties as well. Reviewed here are several examples of these nanomaterials, with emphasis specifically on the templates and synthesis routes used to produce the final nanostructures. In the first section, the templates have been discussed while in the second section, their corresponding synthesis methods have been briefly reviewed, and lastly in the third section, applications of the materials themselves are highlighted. Some examples of the templates frequently encountered are organic structure directing agents, surfactants, polymers, carbon frameworks, colloidal sol-gels, inorganic frameworks, and nanoporous membranes. Synthesis methods that adopt these templates include emulsion-based routes and template-filling approaches, such as self-assembly, electrodeposition, electroless deposition, vapor deposition, and other methods including layer-by-layer and lithography. Templatebased synthesized nanomaterials are frequently encountered in select fields such as solar energy, thermoelectric materials, catalysis, biomedical applications, and magnetowetting of surfaces.

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Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Nanorods with Aligned Chain Orientation for Organic Photovoltaics

Cited by 221 publications

References 45 publications

Versatile solution for growing thin films of conducting polymers

Versatile solution for growing thin films of conducting polymers

Template-mediated nano-crystallite networks in semiconducting polymers

Template-based syntheses for shape controlled nanostructures

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