Poly-3-hexylthiophene based organic field-effect transistor: Detection of low concentration of ammonia

Microwave‐assisted chemical synthesis of conducting polyindole: Study of electrical property using Schottky junction

“…As in case of PIn (synthesized conventionally by APS), the strong vibrational peak at 748 cm 21 is assigned due to out of plane deformation of CAH bond of benzene ring in indole moiety. Vibration peak at 1450 cm 21 corresponds to stretching mode of benzene rings indicating that benzene ring (in indole monomer) is not the polymerization site. Vibration peak at 3299 cm 21 (due to NAH stretching vibrations), together with vibration peak near 1567 cm 21 (due to NAH deformation vibrations), are clear indication for the existence of NAH bond (in pyrrole ring) even in the PIn backbone.…”

“…Vibration peak at 1450 cm 21 corresponds to stretching mode of benzene rings indicating that benzene ring (in indole monomer) is not the polymerization site. Vibration peak at 3299 cm 21 (due to NAH stretching vibrations), together with vibration peak near 1567 cm 21 (due to NAH deformation vibrations), are clear indication for the existence of NAH bond (in pyrrole ring) even in the PIn backbone. This observation establishes that N site is not the polymerization site and feasible polymerization 1 HNMR spectra for all synthesized PIn is expected due to wide distribution of molar masses (chain length) causing self-aggregation of polymeric molecules in analyte which is verified by GPC also (as discussed latter).…”

“…[13][14][15][16] Conducting polymers and its composite have been synthesized in various ways chemically and electrochemically at room temperature. For example, conducting polymers like polyaniline, polypyrrole, polycarbazole, and its composite have been synthesized using multiwalled carbon nanotubes, 17 metal oxide, 18,19 metal nanoparticles, [20][21][22][23] and its properties has been studied. A part of these, polyindole (PIn) is one of the heterocyclic conducting polymers having excellent electrical properties with the advantage of straightforward synthesis, good environmental stability, and high processability.…”

Printable ammonia sensor based on organic field effect transistor

“…Ammonia sensors with limits of detection ranging from as high as 200 ppm down to 0.35 ppm have been reported in the last decade, based on technologies such as metaloxides, catalytic processes, organic polymer films, optical detection techniques and mass spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography (GCÀMS) [3,2,[4][5][6][7][8]. The detailed study required for designing personalized intervention strategies for the ammonia exposure in relation to human health and environmental monitoring calls for a highly sensitive sensing technique along with other attributes such as cost effectiveness, high selectivity, light weight, compactness and mass production.…”

A New Type of Explosive Chemical Detector Based on an Organic Photovoltaic Cell

“…Many types of electrical transducer platforms utilizing organic semiconductors have been proposed and engineered to detect chemical compounds. The majority of chemical sensors are built on conventional platforms of resistors [1][2][3][4] and field-effect transistors [5][6][7][8][9]. The indication of chemical detection of these devices is mainly the change in resistance.…”