Poly(2-substituted-2-oxazoline) surfaces for dermal fibroblasts adhesion and detachment

Abstract

The thermoresponsive surfaces of brush structure (linear polymer chains tethered on the surface) based on poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline)s and copolymers of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline and 2-nonyl-2-oxazoline were obtained using the grafting-to method. The living oxazoline (co)polymers have been synthesized by cationic ring-opening polymerization and subsequently terminated by the reactive amine groups present on the surface. The changes in the surface morphology, philicity and thickness occurring during surface modification were monitored via atomic force microscopy, contact angle and ellipsometry. The thickness of the (co)poly(2-substituted-2-oxazoline) layers ranged from 4 to 11 nm depending on the molar mass of immobilized polymer and reversibly varied with the temperature changes. This confirmed thermoresponsive properties of obtained surfaces. The obtained polymer surfaces were used as a support for dermal fibroblast culture and detachment. The fibroblasts' adhesion and proliferation on the polymer surfaces were observed when the culture temperature was above the cloud point temperature of the immobilized polymer. Lowering the temperature resulted in the detachment of the dermal fibroblast sheets from the polymer layers, which makes these surfaces suitable for the treatment of wounds and in skin tissue engineering.

Hybrid nanoparticles obtained from mixed mesoglobules

“…Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) was synthesized via cationic ring opening polymerization initiated by methyl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate. This procedure has been described elsewhere in detail [29]. The M n of PIPOX determined via SEC-MALLS was 22000 g mol À1 , Ð ¼ 1.01 [29].…”

“…This procedure has been described elsewhere in detail [29]. The M n of PIPOX determined via SEC-MALLS was 22000 g mol À1 , Ð ¼ 1.01 [29]. The water used to obtain the polymer solutions was purified using a commercial ion exchange system (Hydrolab, Poland).…”

Probing carbonyl–water hydrogen-bond interactions in thin polyoxazoline brushes

“…[5][6][7] In the past years, another class of temperature-responsive polymers has been used to fabricate biocompatible switchable surfaces, namely, poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s (POx). 8,9 POx were first synthesized in the 1960s, [10][11][12][13] but their potential use in surface modification has been explored only recently. 14 The thermoresponsive behavior of POx and PNIPAAm involves changes in polymer-polymer and polymer-water interactions around the polymers' lower critical solution temperatures (LCST).…”

“…The previously mentioned studies address POx in solution. Only a few publications exist about the switching behavior of thin POx films, 8,9 and these involve only noncyclic poly(2-oxazoline)s like PiPrOx. In the present study, in situ infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry (IRSE) was applied to characterize the thermoresponsive behavior of POx brush films consisting of either PcPrOx or a statistical copolymer containing 75% cPrOx and 25% MeOx.…”

Bio-fabrication and physiological self-release of tissue equivalents using smart peptide amphiphile templates

“…For example, thermo-responsive polymers with different chemistries have been successfully used to create contiguous intact constructs using numerous cell types, including corneal [5], skin [6], oral [7], and nasal epithelial cells [8], cardiomyocytes [9], muscle myoblasts [10], and mesenchymal stem cells [11]. This is evidently an attractive bottom-up strategy, as it not only provides cells with a template to produce native-like tissues but also ensures that, by the end of the bio-fabrication process, the tissue is dissociated from the template.…”