Poly(1,2,3-triazolium)s: a new class of functional polymer electrolytes

Abstract

Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) are a unique class of polyelectrolytes having properties suited for modern technological applications such as electrochemical devices (batteries, supercapacitors, light-emitting electrochemical cells), ion-gated field effect transistors, electrochromic devices, fuel cells, dye sensitized solar cells, catalysis, or soft robotics. Their structure and properties can be finely tuned by unlimited combinations issued from extended pools of cationic and anionic building blocks. In a constant quest for the development of solid polymer electrolytes with enhanced physical, mechanical and (electro)chemical properties, a new class of PILs based on 1,2,3-triazolium cations has been recently developed. Their preparation takes advantage of the beneficial features of the multiple combinations between the Click chemistry philosophy with macromolecular engineering techniques to afford tunable and highly functional ion conducting materials thus stretching out the actual boundaries of PILs macromolecular design. This feature article summarizes the different strategies developed so far for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolium-based PILs (TPILs) since their first introduction in 2013.

Influence of Anion and Crosslink Density on the Ionic Conductivity of 1,2,3‐Triazolium‐Based Poly(ionic liquid) Polyester Networks

“…A comparison plot of log σ (S cm −1 ) versus 1000/ T (K −1 ) which investigates the various anions used, given a constant 1.5:1.0 acrylate:acetoacetate monomer ratio, is shown in Figure . Overall, the PIL networks were found to have promising ionic conductivities (10 −6 to 10 −8 S cm −1 at 25 °C; Table 5 ), especially when compared to previously reported 1,2,3‐triazolium PILs (networks and non‐networks) . The conductivities for the previously reported PILs mentioned herein were measured under either anhydrous or low humidity (≤10% RH) conditions.…”

“…Due to the advancement of the copper‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide “click” cyclization it has become possible to prepare a variety of PIL architectures which contain a 1,2,3‐triazolium group . Such a strategy has been reviewed by Obadia and Drockenmuller and efforts in this area have ranged from the synthesis and chain‐growth polymerization of 1,2,3‐triazolium‐containing (meth)acrylic monomers to a more direct approach in the step‐growth polyaddition of azides and alkynes. Pertinent to this study, crosslinked polyether‐based 1,2,3‐triazolium PIL membranes were synthesized by Zhou et al in order to test their conductive and gas separation properties .…”

Tuning the Viscosity Profile of Ionic Vitrimers Incorporating 1,2,3‐Triazolium Cross‐Links

“…Building on the recent development of poly(1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquid) (PTIL) polymer electrolytes, [31][32][33][34] we have developed a versatile one-step solvent-and catalyst-free process toward ionic networks. [35,36] This process involves the simultaneous polyaddition of α-azide-ω-alkyne monomers by the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition and the in situ cross-linking by N-alkylation of the resulting poly(1,2,3triazole)s using difunctional cross-linking agents such as bis-halides, bis-mesylates, bis-sulfonates, bis-phosphates, or bis-sulfonimides.…”

Charged Triazole Cross-Linkers for Hyaluronan-Based Hybrid Hydrogels

“…1,2,3-Triazoles are available via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) or the corresponding copper-free reactions and have been recognized as highly versatile building blocks for a variety of functional materials [23,24]. They have also been used to generate hyaluronan-based hydrogels [25,26,27].…”