Polskie związki zawodowe a reprezentowanie interesów pracowniczych na poziomie Unii Europejskiej

Weak Labour, Strong Interests: Polish Trade Unions and the Integration of EU Energy and Service Markets

“…Through co‐operation with European umbrella organizations, they gained a stronger voice in their relations with both domestic and EU‐level actors, and they also developed a closer sense of solidarity with the ETUC (Lis, ). However, as pointed out by Solidarność representatives themselves (Adamczyk and Surdykowska, forthcoming), this attachment was not unconditional. In defence of their constituencies' interests, Polish energy unions were able to act autonomously from the ETUC and ally with their like‐minded counterparts from European industrial federations and coal‐producing countries.…”

“…In the field of energy, EU climate policies and more recent projects towards creating an energy union, in combination with low coal prices, continued to be viewed by Polish labour organizations as direct threats to the existence of Polish mining, coal‐based and electricity‐generating sectors. In 2012, the unions tried to use the European Citizens' Initiative to block the EU Climate Change Package but they failed to collect the required number of signatures (Adamczyk and Surdykowska, forthcoming). In 2013, representatives of the Polish mining and energy unions still considered EU climate policy as the most problematic policy area that had to be addressed via EU‐level action; they also maintained that unions should defend the sectors' interests beyond state boundaries (Interview SGiE, ; Interview ZZG1, ; Interview ZZG2, ).…”

“…In 2014, this pro‐carbon coalition made IndustriAll adopt a position that declared each country had the right to determine its own energy mix (IndustriAll, ). In the same year, the three Polish union confederations — Solidarność, OPZZ and FZZ — voted against the ETUC resolution supporting the second Climate Change Package (Adamczyk and Surdykowska, forthcoming). Besides direct EU‐level actions, the organizations supported the Polish government's attempts to question the legitimacy of the EU carbon emission trade.…”