Pollution of protected springs in relation to high and low density settlements in Kampala—Uganda

Nsubuga, Fred; Kansiime, Frank; Okot-Okumu, James

doi:10.1016/j.pce.2004.09.001

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The case of p [ 0.05 means that there is no significant difference in the parameter values. (Kansiime and van Bruggen 2001;Nsubuga et al 2004;Mwiganga and Kansiime 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grey water characterisation and pollutant loads in an urban slum

Katukiza

Ronteltap

Niwagaba

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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On-site sanitation provisions in urban slums rarely prioritise grey water management, yet it forms the largest fraction of wastewater. This study was carried out to characterise grey water and quantify its pollutant loads in Bwaise III (Uganda) and to provide data for grey water management in urban slums of developing countries. Samples were collected for analysis from ten representative households as well as from four tertiary drains and the main drainage channel for 7 months in two dry seasons. Grey water production was found to comprise 85 % of the domestic water consumption. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in the grey water generated by laundry, in the kitchen and in the bathroom was 9,225 ± 1,200 mg L -1 , 71,250 ± 1,011 mg L -1 and 4,675 ± 750 mg L -1 , while the BOD 5 (biochemical oxygen demand) to COD ratio was 0.24 ± 0.05, 0.33 ± 0.08 and 0.31 ± 0.07, respectively. The maximum concentration of Escherichia coli and total coliforms was 2.05 9 10 7

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“…The case of p [ 0.05 means that there is no significant difference in the parameter values. (Kansiime and van Bruggen 2001;Nsubuga et al 2004;Mwiganga and Kansiime 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grey water characterisation and pollutant loads in an urban slum

Katukiza

Ronteltap

Niwagaba

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

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“…Among the anthropogenic factors, the impact of on-site sanitation on groundwater quality has been a subject of much concern. The contamination of groundwater due to on-site sanitation systems has been reported by different authors since the 1980s (Lu et al 2008;Pujari et al 2007;Dzwairo et al 2006;NEERI report 2005;Nsubuga et al 2004;Lawrence et al 2001;Chidavaenzi et al 2000;Mallard et al 1994;Andrews 1988;Canter and Knox 1985;Hagedon 1984;Dewalle and Schaff 1980;Lewis et al 1980;Brown et al 1979). It is reported that 25% of all housing units in the USA have on-site sanitation systems (Bunnels et al 1999) and they are reported to be source of local and regional groundwater contamination in USA and elsewhere (Bunnels et al 1999;Clawges and Vowinkel 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessment of the impact of on-site sanitation systems on groundwater pollution in two diverse geological settings—a case study from India

Pujari

Padmakar

Labhasetwar

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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On-site sanitation has emerged as a preferred mode of sanitation in cities experiencing rapid urbanization due to the high cost involved in off-site sanitation which requires conventional sewerages. However, this practice has put severe stress on groundwater especially its quality. Under the above backdrop, a study has been undertaken to investigate the impact of on-site sanitation on quality of groundwater sources in two mega cities namely Indore and Kolkata which are situated in two different geological settings. The parameters for the studies are distance of groundwater source from place of sanitation, effect of summer and monsoon seasons, local hydro-geological conditions, and physico-chemical parameters. NO(3) and fecal coliform concentrations are considered as main indexes of pollution in water. Out of many conclusions which can be made from this studies, one major conclusion is about the influence of on-site sanitation on groundwater quality is minimal in Kolkata, whereas it is significant in Indore. This difference is due to the difference in hydrogeological parameters of these two cities, Kolkata being on alluvium quaternary and Indore being on Deccan trap of Cretaceous to Paleogene age.

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“…Many of these infections occur in developing nations that have sanitation problems (Nsubuga et al 2004). In these nations, most low-lying lands used for squatter settlements or slums have hanging latrines or open-field defecation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's Health Deficits due to Diarrhoea: Effects of Water Supply and Sanitation Systems in Slums with Different Water Logging Conditions

Mollah

Nishida

Yamagata

2009

J. of Wat. & Envir. Tech.

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This population-based epidemiologic study investigated the associations of individuals' sociodemographic statuses, sanitary systems and habits, water supply and drainage conditions with diarrhoea incidences among 707 children younger than 5 years who were living in slum communities with various water logging patterns in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We conducted a homevisiting survey during the pre-monsoon period from December 2006 to April 2007. Nine slum communities were selected that had been experiencing five different water logging conditions. One non-water logging community was selected as a control. The Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) were calculated using data on diarrhoea morbidity and mortality. Although DALYs lost because of diarrhoea were very small in a non-inundation type community, but were the highest in persistent drainage inundation type communities. Among the factors correlated with DALYs, control variables for mother's illiteracy and household income strongly attenuated most of these correlations to statistical null, except for mother's age (less than 15 years-old), using hanging latrine and not washing hands before eating, and after defecation. In conclusion, water logging conditions and socio-economic statuses may strongly contribute to diarrhoea incidence in the city's slum communities. In such communities, interventions to address both water logging and socio-economic conditions may be critical for reducing diarrhoea incidences.

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Pollution of protected springs in relation to high and low density settlements in Kampala—Uganda

Cited by 40 publications

References 3 publications

Grey water characterisation and pollutant loads in an urban slum

Grey water characterisation and pollutant loads in an urban slum

Assessment of the impact of on-site sanitation systems on groundwater pollution in two diverse geological settings—a case study from India

Children's Health Deficits due to Diarrhoea: Effects of Water Supply and Sanitation Systems in Slums with Different Water Logging Conditions

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