Pollution load index for heavy metals in Mian-Ab plain soil, Khuzestan, Iran

Jorfi, Sahand; Maleki, Rohangiz; Jaafarzadeh, Neemat

doi:10.1016/j.dib.2017.10.017

Cited by 79 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) is a widely used method to evaluate pollution of PTEs in sediments [32,33]. Its formula is:…”

Section: Assessment Of Pollution In River Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where Yi is the concentration of potentially toxic element in the sediment (mg•kg −1 ), and Bi is the geochemical background concentration of the PTEs in the river sediment (the Bi of As = 19, Cd = 1, Cr = 82, Cu = 39, Mn = 487, Pb = 15, Zn = 85 mg•kg −1 ); A is the calibration factor and generally with 1.5; Igeo has seven grades (Table 1), interpreting as: Igeo ≤ 0uncontaminated; 0 < Igeo ≤ 1-uncontaminated to moderately contaminated; 1 < Igeo ≤ 2moderately contaminated; 2 < Igeo ≤ 3-moderately to heavily contaminated; 3 < Igeo ≤ 4heavily contaminated; 4 < Igeo ≤ 5-heavily to extremely contaminated; Igeo ≥ 5-extremely contaminated [32][33][34]. To assess the potential ecological risk of PTEs in river sediments, the Hakanson's potential ecological risk (IPER) is used, which indicates the toxicology of PTEs [35][36][37].…”

Section: Assessment Of Pollution In River Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollution Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in a Karstic River Affected by Manganese Mining in Changyang, Western Hubei, Central China

Liu

Kuang

Lan

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This study investigated the distribution, pollution level and potential ecological risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from manganese mining in a karstic Danshui River, in Changyang, Western Hubei, Central China. River water and sediments were collected for seven PTEs measurement (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn), as well as pH and Eh of the river water were measured. Results showed that the major pollutant was Mn, the river water environment was mainly acidic and oxidizing (288 < Eh, pH < 6.3), and the pollution distribution of Mn in the study area was dominated by the combination of natural processes and anthropogenic activities. In the river water, according to the contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (IPL) results, Mn was considered the main pollutant. There was low As and Pb pollution downstream as well as Cu pollution upstream. Upstream and downstream areas were the main polluted river sections of the river water samples collected. In river sediments, based on the results of the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (IPER), it was determined that there was only considerable Mn pollution. The IPER of the PTEs from the river sediments was at acceptable levels, only Mn upstream performed at a moderate ecological risk level. According to Pearson correlation and principal component analysis, Mn originated from manganese mining activities, Cd, Cr and Zn were of natural origin, and Cu may have come from both mining and natural origin, whereas Pb and As were mainly related to the daily activities. Consequently, elemental speciation, mining activities and the distribution of water conservancy facilities were the main impacts of PET pollution distribution in this river.

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“…Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) is a widely used method to evaluate pollution of PTEs in sediments [32,33]. Its formula is:…”

Section: Assessment Of Pollution In River Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Pollution In River Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in a Karstic River Affected by Manganese Mining in Changyang, Western Hubei, Central China

Liu

Kuang

Lan

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The pollution load index (PLI) is the geometric average of the impurity coefficients (C i f ) and determines the contribution of all metals in a given place (Tomlinson et al 1980;Jorfi et al 2017). This parameter allows to assess the level of environmental contamination in order to undertake monitoring or repair activities aimed at improving soil quality.…”

Section: Pollution Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pollution indices of trace elements in soils and plants close to the copper and zinc smelting works in Poland’s Lower Silesia

Hołtra

Zamorska-Wojdyła

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The quality of soils polluted by trace elements around the facilities with the Cu and Zn smelting activities and the post-flotation tailings pond from copper industry were assessed. The level of the contamination of soils was determined on the basis of the contamination factor and the geoaccumulation index. The geoaccumulation index allows to distinguish more degrees of soil contamination and simplifies the assessment of the useable value of soil. The degrees of soil contamination and the pollution load index were shown. It has been shown that the pollution indices are a useful tool in describing the soil quality and planning corrective actions in the areas contaminated as a result of industrial activity. Histograms of pollution indices were used in order to detect the distribution of trace elements in soils. The content of metals in biomass was assessed using bioaccumulation indices. Triticum L. and Brassica napus L. show low bioaccumulation of studied metals in cereal plants. The correlations were used in order to detect the relationship among trace elements in soil as well as the relationship of metal (soil)-metal (plant) and metal bioaccumulation (plant)-metal (soil). The highest values of indices were recorded for the Oława smelter, presumably due to the long operation period before technological changes limiting the emission of pollutants were introduced. This research area was classified as very highly contaminated with all trace elements. Soils around other facilities are at least moderately contaminated.

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“…A significant number of indicators designed to evaluate the quality of soils can be found. Contamination level of selected heavy metals was assessed by single factor contaminant index (PI) and pollution load index (PLI) using Equations (1) and (2) [18].…”

Section: Geochemical Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Technosols by Tailings Derived from Pb–Zn–Ag Mining Activities at San Quintín (Ciudad Real, Spain): Some Insights into the Importance of Integral Studies to Evaluate Metal Contamination Pollution Hazards

et al. 2019

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This work presents an integral methodological approach to assess the environmental potential hazards posed by metals and metalloids hosted by spolic technosols derived from old tailings from a mining operation for galena (PbS, with high Ag contents)-sphalerite (ZnS, with a varied cohort of trace elements contents) in central Spain. We studied the total and soluble concentrations and spatial distribution of Pb, Zn, Cd, As, and Fe and the mineralogy of these soils, as well as an ecotoxicological evaluation by means of bioassays. The indices assessing soil contamination such as pollution load index (PI) and natural mobility index (NMI) have been calculated. Furthermore, the phytotoxic effect of the soil samples has been determined and a chronic sediment toxicity test using the benthic ostracod Heterocypris incongruens was applied. The geochemical study of 33 spolic technosols samples indicates large to extremely large metal and metalloid total contents: up to 48,600 mg kg−1 Pb, 34,000 mg kg−1 Zn, 500 mg kg−1 Cd, and 1000 mg kg−1 As. Given that sphalerite is usually the most important host mineral for cadmium in hydrothermal mineral deposits, there is a high correlation (R = 0.75) between this element and Zn. On the other hand, despite being two metallogenically intertwined elements in ore deposits, Pb and Zn show a less significant relationship, which can be attributed both to heterogeneities in the mineralogical composition of the veins, and to the complex history of the mineral concentration process: In the older process, the interest was only for Pb, meanwhile in the late period, the interest was focused in Zn. The Phytotoxkit® bioassay showed that soils with high PTEs presented very high toxicity, particularly the inhibition germination is related to Pb, As, and Cd content and root inhibition with Pb content. Both indexes were correlated with pH and electrical conductivity; samples with lower pH and higher soluble salt content are those with higher seed germination inhibition and root growth inhibition. On the other hand, the Ostracodtoxkit® bioassay showed very high sensitivity, with 100% mortality. The applied bioassays confirmed the soil toxicity and it is highly recommended to complement the results from environmental chemistry with results from bioassays, in order to provide a more complete and relevant information on the bioavailability of contaminants and to characterize the risk of contaminated areas.

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Pollution load index for heavy metals in Mian-Ab plain soil, Khuzestan, Iran

Cited by 79 publications

References 6 publications

Pollution Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in a Karstic River Affected by Manganese Mining in Changyang, Western Hubei, Central China

Pollution Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in a Karstic River Affected by Manganese Mining in Changyang, Western Hubei, Central China

The pollution indices of trace elements in soils and plants close to the copper and zinc smelting works in Poland’s Lower Silesia

Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Technosols by Tailings Derived from Pb–Zn–Ag Mining Activities at San Quintín (Ciudad Real, Spain): Some Insights into the Importance of Integral Studies to Evaluate Metal Contamination Pollution Hazards

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