Pollution levels and health risk assessment of particulate phthalic acid esters in arid urban areas

Zeng, Hehua; Zhang, Hongxi; Wu, Xia; Gu, Hong-Xin; Zhang, Lizhong; Liu, Yuyan; Zhao, Xiufeng; Li, Jianhui

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2016.08.009

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It has been reported that the PAE content in film-covered soils was up to 5 times higher than that in soils with no film cover . By now, PAEs have been reported in various environmental compartments worldwide, including air, soil, river water and sediment, crops, vegetables, and groundwater. ,− It has been shown that PAEs can accumulate in terrestrial organisms and may lead to significant human health risks, such as endocrine disruption , and asthma and allergies …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Plastic Pollution in China: Generation of Plastic Debris and Emission of Phthalic Acid Esters from Agricultural Films

Zhang

Cai

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Agricultural plastic films have been proven highly advantageous, but they also cause pollution of plastic debris and associated chemicals. Phthalates (phthalic acid esters, PAEs), an important additive of agricultural films, can be released and contaminate the environment. Here, we analyzed the agricultural plastic usage and assessed plastic debris in China and developed a method to estimate PAE emissions from agricultural films. Additionally, the environmental fate of PAEs was evaluated using a fugacity-based multimedia model. The agricultural plastic film usage in China in 2017 was 2,528,600 tons. After agricultural film recycling and water erosion, the plastic debris amount was estimated as 465,016 tons. The water erosion process carried 4329 tons of plastic debris into the aquatic environment. During its lifetime, the agricultural film released a total of 91.5 tons of two typical types of PAEs. PAEs from the mulching film would mostly be removed through degradation, while those from the greenhouse film accumulate in vegetables. Populated regions exhibited more serious PAE pollution in vegetables but with no immediate health risks. The model was well evaluated using comparable measured concentrations and uncertainty analysis based on the Monte Carlo method. The findings from this study demonstrate the serious agricultural plastic pollution problem and associated PAE contamination in China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Plastic Pollution in China: Generation of Plastic Debris and Emission of Phthalic Acid Esters from Agricultural Films

Zhang

Cai

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…PAEs are present in thousands of industrial, medical, agricultural, and domestic products such as fabrics, surfactants, detergents, mulching membranes, toys, wallpaper, medical tubes, wrappers and personal care products [2,3]. They are combined physically rather than chemically with the polymer matrix so that PAE compounds can be readily released into the atmosphere, water, soil, sediments and foods in relatively large quantities because of their large-scale and worldwide use [2,4–6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of phthalate esters to lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and the soil microbial community under different soil conditions

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Phthalate esters (PAEs) are globally used plasticizers and typical endocrine disruptors that can readily accumulate in agricultural products and represent a substantial risk to human health via the food chain. The range of soil properties has an important influence on the expression of PAE toxicity, and the mechanisms by which soil physical and chemical properties affect the expression of toxicity of target PAEs to plants and microorganisms requires further investigation. Important soil factors affecting the eco-toxicological effects of two typical PAEs, di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in a spiked soil were investigated in the present study. Soil at various pH values was spiked with three PAE concentrations (1, 5 and 20 mg DnBP or DEHP kg-1 soil), organic matter contents and water holding contents to simulate the greenhouse soil environment for 30 days. Their influence on the biomass, photosynthetic pigment contents, various physiological changes and soil microbial communities was determined as endpoints. The toxicity to lettuce of DnBP was higher than that of DEHP in the soil and soil pH was the most important factor affecting their single toxicity, followed by soil organic matter content and soil moisture content in agreement with the Biolog test results. Under different soil conditions total protein, total soluble sugar and free amino acid contents were positively correlated with concentrations of the target PAEs, but leaf area, biomass, •O2- activity, vitamin C content and soil microbial diversity indices showed the opposite trend. Chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents were more inhibited by DnBP together with impacts on indices of soil microbial diversity. The results suggest that soil conditions in greenhouses directly explain the patterns of pollutant toxicity displayed and impact the quantity, quality and food safety of vegetables produced using highly intensive production systems.

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“…EDCs can act through several mechanisms at any level in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG)-peripheral tissue endocrine axis. Directly, EDCs may affect genes or HPG pathways that are unique to puberty [ 16 , 17 ]. Indirectly, EDCs can act as obesogens and change the metabolic programming during fetal and early childhood development, resulting in alterations in the metabolic and peripheral hormones associated with the onset of puberty [ 5 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Directly, EDCs may affect genes or HPG pathways that are unique to puberty [ 16 , 17 ]. Indirectly, EDCs can act as obesogens and change the metabolic programming during fetal and early childhood development, resulting in alterations in the metabolic and peripheral hormones associated with the onset of puberty [ 5 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. A Taiwan birth cohort study indicated that maternal exposure to phthalates might affect the sex steroid hormones status in the fetal and newborn stage [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Age Distribution among Children Seeking Medical Treatment for Precocious Puberty in Taiwan

Huang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Objective: Children with precocious puberty (PP) may have increased physiological and psychological problems. In this study, we aimed to explore the trend of parents seeking medical care for their children with precocious puberty. Methods: The Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Dataset (NHIRD) was used to estimate the prevalence (2000–2013) and incidence (2002–2013) of PP (ICD-9 code: 259.1) among boys aged 0–11 years and girls aged 0–10 years. The proportions of PP management within 1 year from the date of first diagnosis were also compared between two periods (2002–2007 and 2008–2012). The trends of PP prevalence or incidence were determined by join-point regression. Results: In 2000, 309 boys and 2706 girls had at least one visit for PP, the crude prevalence rates (per 10,000 persons) were 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.87–1.14) and 13.56 (95% CI 13.01–14.13) in boys and girls, respectively. In 2013, the crude prevalence rates increased to 7.01 (95% CI 6.56–7.84) and 110.95 (95% CI 108.97–112.96) in boys and girls, respectively. A total of 2584 girls and 207 boys with incident PP cases were identified in 2002, and 7498 girls and 739 boys were identified in 2013. For girls, the incidence rates (per 10,000 person-years) were 16.17 (95% CI 15.55–16.80) and 70.23 (95% CI 68.65–71.83) in 2002 and 2013, respectively. For boys, the incidence rates were 1.09 (95% CI 0.95–1.24) and 5.72 (95% CI 5.32–6.15) in 2002 and 2013, respectively. The sex ratio (F:M) of the incidence of PP cases was 14.89 in 2002 and 12.28 in 2013. Conclusion: In this study, from 2000 to 2013, the frequency of visiting pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinics for precocious puberty increased in both genders. We advocate that it is important to pay increased attention to children’s health, environmental hormones, and diet. Researchers should consider how to survey precocious puberty and offer parents more education to avoid the waste of medical resources or delays in seeking medical care.

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Pollution levels and health risk assessment of particulate phthalic acid esters in arid urban areas

Cited by 24 publications

References 39 publications

Agricultural Plastic Pollution in China: Generation of Plastic Debris and Emission of Phthalic Acid Esters from Agricultural Films

Agricultural Plastic Pollution in China: Generation of Plastic Debris and Emission of Phthalic Acid Esters from Agricultural Films

Toxicity of phthalate esters to lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and the soil microbial community under different soil conditions

The Age Distribution among Children Seeking Medical Treatment for Precocious Puberty in Taiwan

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