Pollution level, phase distribution and source analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in residential air in Hangzhou, China

Zhu, Lizhong; Lü, Hao; Chen, Shuguang; Amagai, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.150

Cited by 106 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Low molecular weight PAHs (two and three rings) are mainly distributed in the atmosphere as a vapor phase (WHO, 2000). It has been reported that indoor occurrences are generally composed of PHAs with 2-3 rings, while PAHs with larger molecular weights are found outdoors (Masih et al, 2010;Zhu et al, 2009;Mannino and Orecchio, 2008;Ohura et al, 2004). In this study, PAHs with two to four rings were emitted from indoor sources, whereas PAHs with five to six rings were expected to be mainly found outdoors.…”

Section: Pahs Composition and Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…A few traditional studies showed that PAH distributions found in indoor environment were higher than those found in outdoor environment (Chuang et al, 1992;Wilson et al, 1989). In recent, Zhu et al (2009) showed similar results in that the average I/O ratio of substances with two to four rings in homes (including the living room, bedroom and kitchen) was higher than 1, while the average I/O ratios of substances with five to six rings was lower than 1 in the winter season. But, little study has been conducted that indoor sources may contribute to pollution with PAHs of 2 or 3 rings, whereas lager PAH molecules mainly existed from outdoor sources (Ohura et al, 2004;Naumova et al, 2002).…”

Section: Pahs Composition and Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Zhu and Wang (2003) reported that naphthalene is one of the most noticeable PAHs in commercial kitchens (3.0 μg/m 3 ), non-smoking household kitchens (2.7 μg/m 3 ), and smoking household kitchens (9.9 μg/m 3 ). Naphthalene in the vapor phase accounts for more than 69% of PAHs (Zhu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Pahs Composition and Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, PAHs are present as either a vapor or a particulate phase, and the composition of this vapor or particulate phase can differ depending upon physical factors (temperature, humidity), the characteristics of indoor spaces, and the season (Zhu et al, 2009). Substances with two to four benzene rings were present mostly in a vapor phase, while those with five to six rings were typically found in a particulate phase (Fig.…”

Section: Pahs Composition and Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, the benzo(a)pyrene indicator method can be utilized in order to manage and set standards for PAHs in foreign countries, while the risk assessment method for the seven types of carcinogens and TEFs can be used in studies regarding the risk assessment of each media in various spaces (Froehner et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011;Bai et al, 2009;Zhu et al, 2009;Chen and Liao, 2006). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to adopt the TEF values of the US EPA for the comparison of each TEF.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indoor Exposure and Health Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Public Facilities, Korea

Kim¹,

Lim²,

Jeon³

et al. 2013

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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In the study, pollution levels of indoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in public facilities (vapor phase or particulate phase) were evaluated, and a health risk assessment (HRA) was carried out based on exposure scenarios. Public facilities in Korea covered by the law, including underground subway stations, funeral halls, child care facilities, internet cafes (PC-rooms), and exhibition facilities (6 locations for each type of facility, for a total of 48 locations), were investigated for indoor assessment. For the HRA, individual excess cancer risk (ECR) was estimated by applying main toxic equivalency factor (TEF) values suggested in previous studies. Among the eight public facilities, internet cafes showed the highest average PM 2.5 concentration at 110.0 μg/m 3 (range: 83.5-138.5 μg/m 3

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Section: Pahs Composition and Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Pahs Composition and Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Pahs Composition and Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pahs Composition and Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Indoor Exposure and Health Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Public Facilities, Korea

Kim¹,

Lim²,

Jeon³

et al. 2013

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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Optimizing Nanoscale TiO₂ for Adsorption‐Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Low‐Concentration Air Pollutants

2013

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Adsorption and photodegradation are key steps in environmental air purification. Micropores have been introduced into anatase TiO2 nanocatalysts to enhance the adsorption of pollutant molecules onto the photocatalyst surface, which increases the use of the photoinduced electron–hole pairs. Three nanocomposites have been synthesized with dodecylamine as a pore‐forming agent under mild hydrothermal conditions and at varying temperature of preparation. Samples synthesized at 100, 115, and 130 °C, labeled TiO2‐100, TiO2‐115, and TiO2‐130, respectively, provided insights into the effect of crystallinity and micropore area on the removal efficiency of gas‐phase organic pollutants. Of the three, TiO2‐100 had the largest micropore area (493 m2 g−1) but amorphous phase. TiO2‐130 had anatase phase but only mesopores, whereas TiO2‐115 had both a relatively large micropore area (258 m2 g−1) and an anatase crystal structure. Toluene was chosen as a model air pollutant. Experiments were performed in a single‐pass reactor in the presence of UV irradiation under various experimental conditions, such as varying partial pressures of toluene, contact times, and relative humidities of the mobile gas phase, to approximate realistic conditions for this air purification system. Of the three prototype catalysts, TiO2‐115 showed the highest removal and mineralization efficiencies owing to the optimized availability of photogenerated holes and adsorbed toluene. The key parameters for optimized photocatalysis of low‐concentration air pollutants are the micropore area and the crystallinity of the photocatalyst.

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Development and application of a solid‐phase microextraction gas cromatography mass spectrometry method for analysing volatile organic compounds produced during cooking

Scortichini

Boarelli²,

Castello³

et al. 2020

J Mass Spectrom

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In the last decades, there is more awareness on the impact on human health of pollutants emitted during cooking processes, both from commercial and from domestic activities. In this study, a new method exploiting solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) was developed to analyse the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during cooking. The air above the cooking plate was sampled using a polyethylene terephthalate olfactometric bag that allows to transport the sample to the instrument location and to perform the SPME extraction of the sampled air. The efficiency of different extraction systems and different extraction times (1, 8, 16, and 24 h) was evaluated in order to obtain sufficient sensitivity. Thus, the proposed system, combining the use of olfactometric bags and SPME-GC-MS, was applied for the first time to study VOCs emitted during cooking allowing to perform the analysis, even on samples produced in sites far from the instrument location, in an easy way and with instrumentations available in most of laboratories. Then, the method was applied to assess the efficiency of odour filters used in common kitchen hoods, using deep frying of potatoes in sunflower oil as cooking model system. VOCs were analysed in the air before and after passage through the filter, calculating then percentages of dejection for the different classes of VOCs that resulted to be in the range 31-77%. K E Y W O R D S deep fat frying, kitchen hood odour filter, polyethylene terephthalate olfactometric bag, solidphase microextraction-gas chromatography, volatile organic compounds 1 | INTRODUCTION Both outdoor and indoor air pollution is a global environmental problem that primarily affects the health of the urban population. Over the past decades, different changes in building materials, indoor consumer goods and people habits increased the levels of indoor air pollution. Several studies demonstrated that repeated and prolonged exposure to atmospheric environmental pollutants could increase the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and lung cancer. Pollutants in closed environments mainly include nitrogen oxides (NO x), carbon oxides (CO and CO 2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matters (PM). 1,2 Furthermore, indoor levels of VOCs, which are classified as organic compounds that have boiling point between 50 C and 260 C, exceed often outdoor levels from two to five times. 3,4 Additionally, nowadays people, especially in developed countries, spend most of their time (>80%) indoor, 5 prolonging their exposure to possible dangerous pollutants.

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Pollution level, phase distribution and source analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in residential air in Hangzhou, China

Cited by 106 publications

References 35 publications

Indoor Exposure and Health Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Public Facilities, Korea

Indoor Exposure and Health Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Public Facilities, Korea

Optimizing Nanoscale TiO₂ for Adsorption‐Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Low‐Concentration Air Pollutants

Development and application of a solid‐phase microextraction gas cromatography mass spectrometry method for analysing volatile organic compounds produced during cooking

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Pollution level, phase distribution and source analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in residential air in Hangzhou, China

Cited by 106 publications

References 35 publications

Indoor Exposure and Health Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Public Facilities, Korea

Indoor Exposure and Health Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Public Facilities, Korea

Optimizing Nanoscale TiO2 for Adsorption‐Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Low‐Concentration Air Pollutants

Development and application of a solid‐phase microextraction gas cromatography mass spectrometry method for analysing volatile organic compounds produced during cooking

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Product

Resources

About

Optimizing Nanoscale TiO₂ for Adsorption‐Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Low‐Concentration Air Pollutants