Pollution in the lower basin of Jamapa River by the application of antibiotics for veterinary use

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the level of use of antibiotics in livestock and aquaculture activities developed in the lower basin of Jamapa River, to know the possible impact of these compounds on water quality and the risk to public health. Methodology: A survey of 60 farmers was conducted using a structured questionnaire with 41 open and closed questions during the year 2020. The use of key informants with experience in the livestock sector and related to the livestock sector in the study area was applied. Results: Regarding the profile of the producers, it was found that 95% were men, and women only represented 5% (2 women). The 50% of producers have a basic level of schooling; 85% of respondents used antibiotics as a preventive treatment for disease control, 8.3% apply vitamins and 6.7% use dewormers. Among the most frequently used antibiotics is Oxytetracycline. Study limitations/implications: to assess the toxic risk that exists when using antibiotics in the livestock sector, it is necessary to develop procedures and to plan new regulations for the use of antibiotics in this sector. Findings/conclusions: a relationship was found with the use of oxytetracycline by the livestock sector. There is great concern about the impact that pharmaceuticals can have on water bodies and outside them. It is necessary to carry out risk assessments based on traditional fish responses, such as changes in growth or survival