Pollution Characteristics of Rainwater at Jeju Island during 2009~2010

Abstract

The collection of rainwater samples was made at Jeju area during 2009~2010, and the major ionic species were analyzed. In the comparison of ion balance, conductivity, and acid fraction for the validation of analytical data, the correlation coefficients showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.966~0.990. The volume-weighted mean pH and electric conductivity were 4.9 and 17.8 μS/cm, respectively, at the Jeju area. The volume-weighted mean concentrations of ionic species in rainwater were in the order of ClThe ionic strength of rainwater was 0.26±0.21 mM during the study period. The composition ratios of ionic species were such as 50.1% for the marine sources (Na , and nss-SO 4 2-increased in winter and spring seasons, indicating a reasonable possibility of long range transport from Asia continent. Especially, the acidifying contributions by major inorganic acids (nss-SO 4 2-and NO 3 -) and organic acids (HCOO -and CH 3 COO -) were 87.6% and 12.4%, respectively. In comparison by sectional inflow pathway of air mass during the rainy sampling days, the concentrations of nss-SO 4 2-and NO 3 -were relatively high when the air mass was moved from the China continent into Jeju area.

Chemical Composition of Water Soluble Inorganic Species in Precipitation at Shihwa Basin, Korea

“…Edmonds et al (1991) [45] suggested that anion deficit means of the amount of unmeasured organic acids. Kim et al (2013) [32] found that the organic acids (CH3COO …”

“…Some studies have suggested that air masses from the Asian continent increase the concentration of anthropogenic components of rainwater in Korea [31,32]. Choi et al (2015) [33] studied precipitation chemistry in the area near Shihwa Lake (located in the mid-western area of the Korean peninsula), using both urban and background stations to compare precipitation chemistry.…”

Composition and Pollution Characteristics of Precipitation in Jeju Island, Korea for 1997–2015

“…A portion of each of these samples was tested for pH and electrical conductivity, and analyzed to identify the major ionic components of precipitation. Following the method of Kim et al, 1-2 drops of chloroform were added to the remaining portions of the samples and stored in a freezer at −20 • C, to be used for trace analysis such as organic acid analysis [12].…”

“…The transboundary problem caused by the long-range transport of air pollutants is a sensitive dispute between neighboring countries and has extensively been examined using back trajectory analysis [12]. In this study, the movement of air masses at the time of precipitation sampling was estimated using HYSPLIT4.0, based on back trajectory analysis, to establish the inflow path of pollutants to the precipitation.…”

“…In Europe, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) launched a program for monitoring air pollutants in 1972, followed by the establishment of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme in 1977 to form a network covering all regions of Europe, to measure acid deposition. The United States established the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program to continuously monitor and manage acid rain over a long period of time, at more than 200 measuring stations [9,12,13].…”