Pollution Characteristics of PM2.5 Observed during Winter and Summer in Baengryeongdo and Seoul

Yu, Geun-Hye; Park, Seungshik; Park, Jong Sung; Park, Seung Myeong; Song, In Ho; Oh, Jun Seok; Shin, Hye Jung; Lee, Min Do; Lim, Hyung Bae; Kim, Hyun Woong; Choi, Jin

doi:10.5572/kosae.2018.34.1.038

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Although many other investigations of the interaction between air pollution and temperature have focused on hot weather rather than cold weather [9], we found that respiratory mortality risk in the elderly was highest on very cold days (<1st percentile). In winter, Seoul usually has poor air quality owing to a combination of local climatic conditions and domestic and transboundary anthropogenic emissions [25]. Although we found here that non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality risks increased during the warm months, attention to the effects of pollution is needed not only during this time of year, when the known risk is higher, but also during the cold months, when the concentration of PM 10 is higher than in warm months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Particulate Matter and Its Impact on Mortality among Elderly Residents of Seoul, South Korea

et al. 2019

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Climate change, air pollution, and the rapidly aging population are important public health challenges. An understanding of air pollution impacts is imperative for preventing air-pollution-related deaths and illnesses, particularly in vulnerable subgroups such as the increasing population of older adults. To assess the effects of short-term air-pollution exposure on the elderly, we conducted a time-series analysis (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) of the associations between particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 µm (PM 10 ) and deaths among elderly residents of Seoul, South Korea, which has a rapidly aging population. We also investigated the synergistic effects of temperature and the lag structures of the effects by sex, cause of death, and season. A 10 µg/m 3 rise in the 4-day moving average concentration of PM 10 was associated with 0.31% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18% to 0.44%), 0.32% (95% CI: 0.09% to 0.55%), and 0.22% (95% CI: -0.23% to 0.66%) increases in non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortalities, respectively. We found a significant and strong synergistic effect of PM 10 concentration and ambient temperature on mortality in elderly people. PM 10 posed an increased risk of non-accidental or cardiovascular mortality with increasing temperature, whereas the associated risk of respiratory death was highest on very cold days. The shape and length of the lag structure varied with the cause of death, sex, and season. Results indicate that elderly people exposed to PM 10 are at increased risk of premature death. In the near future, these risks are likely to increase in step with the temperature rise associated with climate change and the continued population aging. Stronger emission controls will be needed to minimize the increased health risks associated with air pollution, especially in regions with high populations of elderly individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Particulate Matter and Its Impact on Mortality among Elderly Residents of Seoul, South Korea

et al. 2019

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“…Choi et al [17] suggested that major sources responsible for PM 2.5 during winter in Incheon, Korea were motor vehicles/sea salt (37.7%), secondary organic aerosols (27.2%), combustion (20.1%), biogenic/meat cooking (8.2%), and soils (6.9%). It was found that carbonaceous species and secondary formation of inorganic aerosols under low wind speeds and high relative humidity contributed to winter haze in Seoul, Korea [18]. In Korea, secondary formation processes became more important contributions to the PM 2.5 than primary sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Measurements of Chemical Compositions of Fine Particles during Winter Haze Period in Urban Sites in China and Korea

et al. 2020

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We performed simultaneous measurements of chemical compositions of fine particles in Beijing, China and Gwangju, Korea to better understand their sources during winter haze period. We identified PM2.5 events in Beijing, possibly caused by a combination of multiple primary combustion sources (biomass burning, coal burning, and vehicle emissions) and secondary aerosol formation under stagnant conditions and/or dust sources under high wind speeds. During the PM2.5 events in Gwangju, the contribution of biomass burning and secondary formation of nitrate and organics to the fine particles content significantly increased under stagnant conditions. We commonly observed the increases of nitrogen-containing organic compounds and biomass burning inorganic (K+) and organic (levoglucosan) markers, suggesting the importance of biomass burning sources during the winter haze events (except dust event cases) at both sites. Pb isotope ratios indicated that the fraction of Pb originated from possibly industry and coal combustion sources increased during the PM2.5 events in Gwangju, relative to nonevent days.

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“…Ambient fine particles (PM 2.5 ) consist of primary particles from incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass fuels, and secondary particles formed through homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation processes of SO 2 , NO 2 , NH 3 , and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from anthropogenic and natural emission sources [4][5][6]. Haze phenomena, mainly caused by PM 2.5 , have attracted much attention due to their adverse effect on air quality, public health, and visibility [7][8][9][10][11]. These studies of haze aimed to investigate source identification, chemical characterization, and formation processes of PM 2.5 during haze pollution [5,6,[12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, it was found that the secondary formation of aerosol components in the atmosphere contributes significantly to the increase in PM 2.5 concentration [10,16,17]. On a seasonal basis, photochemical reactions during summer are important factors accelerating the formation of secondary SO 4 2particles, which are responsible for summer haze formation [10,[18][19][20][21]. Meanwhile, air stagnation and high relative humidity (RH) during winter contribute to the accumulation of aerosol particles from anthropogenic sources and enhanced secondary aerosol formation, giving rise to winter haze formation [6,8,10,13,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absorption properties and size distribution of aerosol particles during the fall season at an urban site of Gwangju, Korea

Park¹,

Yu²

2018

Environmental Engineering Research

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To investigate the influence of pollution events on the chemical composition and formation processes of aerosol particles, 24-h integrated size-segregated particulate matter (PM) was collected during the fall season at an urban site of Gwangju, Korea and was used to determine the concentrations of mass, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and ionic species. Furthermore, black carbon (BC) concentrations were observed with an aethalometer. The entire sampling period was classified into four periods, i.e., typical, pollution event I, pollution event II, and an Asian dust event. Stable meteorological conditions (e.g., low wind speed, high surface pressure, and high relative humidity) observed during the two pollution events led to accumulation of aerosol particles and increased formation of secondary organic and inorganic aerosol species, thus causing PM2.5 increase. Furthermore, these stable conditions resulted in the predominant condensation or droplet mode size distributions of PM, WSOC, NO3-, and SO4 2-. However, difference in the accumulation mode size distributions of secondary water-soluble species between pollution events I and II could be attributed to the difference in transport pathways of air masses from high-pollution regions and the formation processes for the secondary chemical species. The average absorption Ångström exponent (AAE370-950) for 370-950 nm wavelengths > 1.0 indicates that the BC particles from traffic emissions were likely mixed with light absorbing brown carbon (BrC) from biomass burning (BB) emissions. It was found that light absorption by BrC in the near UV range was affected by both secondary organic aerosol and BB emissions. Overall, the pollution events observed during fall at the study site can be due to the synergy of unfavorable meteorological conditions, enhanced secondary formation, local emissions, and long-range transportation of air masses from upwind polluted areas.

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Pollution Characteristics of PM2.5 Observed during Winter and Summer in Baengryeongdo and Seoul

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Particulate Matter and Its Impact on Mortality among Elderly Residents of Seoul, South Korea

Particulate Matter and Its Impact on Mortality among Elderly Residents of Seoul, South Korea

Simultaneous Measurements of Chemical Compositions of Fine Particles during Winter Haze Period in Urban Sites in China and Korea

Absorption properties and size distribution of aerosol particles during the fall season at an urban site of Gwangju, Korea

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