Pollution characteristics and health risks of heavy metals in road dust in Ma’anshan, China

Characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in dust of a waste printed circuit board recycling workshop, China

“…The following eqn (6)–(9) showed the calculation methods: 54–56 HI = ΣHQCR = ADD ing/inh/der × SFTR = ΣCRwhere, RfD and SF represent respectively the homologous reference dose and the homologous slope factor. 35,42,50,57–60…”

“…Except for the EFs, the geo-accumulation index ( I geo ) is also an indicator that can express the characteristics of heavy metals enrichment in the dust, 42 simultaneously, can indicate the impact on the environment caused by anthropogenic activity ( Table 3 ). 43 The values are calculated by following eqn (2) : I geo = lg 2 [ C sample /(1.5 × C background )] where C sample is the concentration of the element and C background is the background value of the element.…”

“…Except for the EFs, the geo-accumulation index (I geo ) is also an indicator that can express the characteristics of heavy metals enrichment in the dust, 42 simultaneously, can indicate the impact on the environment caused by anthropogenic activity (Table 3). 43 The values are calculated by following eqn (2):…”

“…Workers working in workshops are exposed to dust generated from the recycling process, mainly in three ways of ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. 28,40,[42][43][44][45] Workers in different processing zones will be subjected to varying degrees of harm due to their different exposure to dust. In this study, based on the assumption that the particle size distribution of dust in workshops is similar to soil particle size distribution, the risk assessment method was adopted.…”

“…where, RfD and SF represent respectively the homologous reference dose and the homologous slope factor. 35,42,50,[57][58][59][60] 3. Results and discussion…”