Pollution assessment and source analysis of heavy metals in acidic farmland of the karst region in southern China—A case study of Quanzhou County

Liu, Panfeng; Wu, Zuliang; X, Luo; Wen, Ming; Huang, Liangliang; Chen, Biao; Zheng, Chaojie; Zhu, Chun; Liang, Rui

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104764

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The average concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 2.09, 27.33,1.73, 1.87, 3.78, 2.26, 1.42, and 2.93 times higher than the mean values found in the first national soil pollution survey (As 12.1 mg/kg, Cd 0.225 mg/kg, Cr 68.5 mg/kg, Cu 27.1 mg/kg, Hg 0.087 mg/kg, Ni 29.6 mg/kg, Pb 31.2 mg/kg, Zn 79.0 mg/kg) conducted in China, respectively [ 9 ]. In particular, the Cd concentration was much higher than that in other karst areas in China, such as Quanzhou County (Cd mean value 0.43 mg/kg) [ 25 ] and Heng County (Cd mean value 0.60 mg/kg) in Guangxi [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, carbonate rocks contain lower concentrations of Cd [ 30 ]. In this area, the Cd content in carbonate rocks was higher than that in other areas, such as in Jishou of Huanan Province (0.05 mg/kg), Huaxi of Guizhou Province (0.38 mg/kg), and Longzhou of Guangxi (0.20 mg/kg) [ 25 ]. Forty-one percent of carbonate rock samples (R2, R3, R11, R13, R15, R16, R18) had Cd concentrations above 1 mg/kg, while only the concentration in R20 (clastic rock) was above 1 mg/kg (3.55 mg/kg).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to enrichment of the concentrations of PTEs (such as Cd) in the soil by lime and cement factories, atmospheric deposition and fertilizer application are important ways to increase the soil PTEs [ 36 ]. However, the proportion of PTEs transferred from the fertilizer to the soil is very low compared to other origins [ 25 ]. Hence, studies have proposed that PTEs in the soil are usually derived from parent rock [ 25 , 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) takes the influences of human activities and natural geological processes of background values into account and can quantitatively assess the extent of PTE contamination of sediments or other materials [ 25 ]. Therefore, the Igeo was used to assess surface soil pollution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The background values used in the study were based on the soil background values in Yunnan Province [ 26 ]. The classifications of PTE pollution were as follows: I geo ≤ 0, practically unpolluted; 0 < I geo ≤ 1, slightly polluted; 1 < I geo ≤ 2, moderately polluted; 2 < I geo ≤ 3, heavily polluted; I geo > 3, extremely polluted [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentration and Spatial Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in Surface Soil of a Peak-Cluster Depression, Babao Town, Yunnan Province, China

Tian

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in Chinese agricultural soils, including those in some heritage protection zones, are serious and threaten food safety. Many scientists think that these PTEs may come from parent rock. Hence, at a karst rice-growing agricultural heritage area, Babao town, Guangnan County, Yunnan Province, China, the concentrations of eight PTEs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined in 148 surface soil, 25 rock, and 52 rice grain samples. A principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to divide the surface soil into groups, and inverse distance weighting (IDW) was used to analyze the spatial distribution of PTEs. Soil pollution was assessed with the geoaccumulation index (Igeo). The results show that Cd, Hg, Zn, and Cr were polluting the soil (average Igeo > 0). The highest concentration of PTEs was distributed in the southwest of Babao town in the carbon rock area, which had the highest pH and soil total organic carbon (Corg), Mn, and TFe2O3 contents. PCA biplots of soil samples showed that the carbon rock area was associated with the most species of PTEs in the study area including Pb, Cd, Hg, As, and Zn. The clastic rock area was associated with Cu and Ni, and the lime and cement plants were associated with CaO, pH, Corg, TC, and aggravated PTE pollution around factories. In high-level PTE areas, rice was planted. Two out of 52 rice grain samples contained Cd and 4 out of 52 rice grain samples had Cr concentrations above the Chinese food safety standard pollutant limit (Cd 0.2 mg/kg; Cr 1 mg/kg). Therefore, the PTEs from parent rocks are already threatening rice safety. The government should therefore plan rice cultivation areas accordingly.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Concentration and Spatial Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in Surface Soil of a Peak-Cluster Depression, Babao Town, Yunnan Province, China

Tian

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Heavy metal(loid)s in farmland soils on the Karst Plateau, Southwest China: An integrated analysis of geochemical baselines, source apportionment, and associated health risk

et al. 2022

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The Karst Plateau is characterized by elevated heavy metals (HM), the farmland soils in the Karst Plateau area is especially vulnerable to HM pollution. To cope with soil HM pollution and conduct precaution in Karst Plateau, the key bottleneck is to understand the pollution levels, sources, and priority‐control of HM. Hence, geochemical baselines of HM in farmland soils were established to accurately evaluate the pollution characteristics. Pollution sources were identified with multivariate statistics, geostatistical methods, and receptor models. Priority‐control of HM were distinguished via health assessments with a Monte Carlo simulation. A remarkable accumulation of Pb, Sb, Zn, As, and Cd was observed. Hotspots of As, Cd, Pb, Sb, and Zn clustered in the southwestern region of Hezhang. Pb–Zn related activities, cement product activities, coal mining, and coal combustion were dominant sources. Both noncarcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk followed the order: children>adult females>adult males. As, Cd, and Pb were found to be priority contaminants in farmland soils in Hezhang.

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Source and risk assessment of heavy metals in mining-affected areas in Jiangxi Province, China, based on Monte Carlo simulation

Xie,

Shi,

Wang

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Pollution assessment and source analysis of heavy metals in acidic farmland of the karst region in southern China—A case study of Quanzhou County

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

Concentration and Spatial Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in Surface Soil of a Peak-Cluster Depression, Babao Town, Yunnan Province, China

Concentration and Spatial Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in Surface Soil of a Peak-Cluster Depression, Babao Town, Yunnan Province, China

Heavy metal(loid)s in farmland soils on the Karst Plateau, Southwest China: An integrated analysis of geochemical baselines, source apportionment, and associated health risk

Source and risk assessment of heavy metals in mining-affected areas in Jiangxi Province, China, based on Monte Carlo simulation

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