Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soils in Yanqi County, Xinjiang, Northwest China

Mamut, Ajigul; Eziz, Mamattursun; Mohammad, Anwar

doi:10.1134/s1064229318080082

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For example, I geo considers the accumulation level of heavy metals in sewage sludge, without toxicity impact; ER focuses both on the total quantity of heavy metals and toxicity; while ICF, RAC, and ERF focus on heavy metal mobility [11]. In previous years, the above-mentioned indices have been successfully used to assess the ecological risk in soils and sediments [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Located in the Most Industrialized Region in Poland—Case Study

Tytła

2019

IJERPH

144

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This study aimed to assess the pollution and potential ecological risk of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the sewage sludge collected from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), located in the most industrialized region of Poland (Silesian Voivodeship). The concentrations of heavy metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES) and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). The chemical forms (chemical speciation) of heavy metals were determined using the three-step chemical sequential extraction procedure, developed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). To assess the pollution level and potential ecological risk, the following indices were used: Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Factor (ER), Individual Contamination Factor (ICF), Risk Assessment Code (RAC), and Ecological Risk Factor (ERF)—the author’s index. Sludge samples were collected at successive stages of processing. The results revealed that the activated sludge process and sludge thickening have a significant impact on heavy metal distribution, while anaerobic digestion and dehydration decrease their mobility. The most dominant metals in the sludge samples were Zn and Cu. However, the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge did not exceed the permissible standards for agricultural purposes. The concentrations of heavy metals bound to the immobile fractions exhibited higher concentrations, compared to those bound to mobile fractions (except Zn). The values of the total indices indicated that sludge samples were moderately to highly contaminated with Zn, Hg, Cd, Cu, and Pb, of which only Hg, Cd, and Cu posed a potential ecological risk, while according to the speciation indices, sludge samples were moderately to very highly polluted with Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Ni, of which Zn, Ni, and Cd were environmentally hazardous. The obtained results proved that assessment of the pollution level and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sewage sludge requires knowledge on both their total concentrations and their chemical forms. Such an approach will help prevent secondary pollution of soils with heavy metals, which may influence the reduction of health risks associated with the consumption of plants characterized by a high metal content.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Located in the Most Industrialized Region in Poland—Case Study

Tytła

2019

IJERPH

144

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“…The coefficient of variation (CV) indicates the degree of variability of the concentrations of a metal in soil. A low CV value indicates that the heavy metal contamination of soils is due to the natural sources and a high CV value indicates that it is caused mainly by the human activities (Cai et al 2015, Mamut et al 2018). The maximum CV was recorded for Pb (60.72%) and As (51.43%), which could involve a high variability of these two metals in the sampling sites, it means that the distribution of these chemical elements in the studied area was not homogeneous in comparison to Zn, Cd and Fe that showed moderate variability.…”

Section: Heavy Metal Concentration In the High Andean Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals in Agriculture Soils from High Andean Zones and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment in Peru's Central Andes

Orellana¹,

Custodio²,

Bastos³

et al. 2020

J. Ecol. Eng.

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Soil is exposed to heavy metals that are associated with the anthropogenic activities, and is currently an environmental and food safety problem. The concentration and source of heavy metals in soils, the level of contamination and the potential for ecological risk in high Andean ecosystems were evaluated. The soil samples were collected from the surface part in which Andean crops were sown and the concentration of As, Cd, Pb, Fe and Zn was quantified. The concentrations of heavy metals in soils did not exceed the threshold of the national and international standard, while As, Pb and Zn exceeded the values of the background. The contamination factor (CF) values showed a high level of contamination for As and moderate for Pb and Zn. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values showed that As had the highest load of accumulated pollutants in soils by anthropogenic contribution. A moderate degree of contamination (CD) was found in 61.5% of the sampling sites. The potential ecological risk index (RI) showed that the soils of the study area presented a moderate to low potential ecological risk, and As was the main pollutant in high Andean soils. As, Pb and Zn occurring in high Andean soils mainly originated from human activities such as agricultural practices, whereas Fe mainly originated from the parent material of the soil. The effects of the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the accumulation of heavy metals in and Andean agricultural products must be analyzed and verified to protect the health of the inhabitants and the environment.

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“…The most commonly used indices are ER, RI and RAC [ 2 , 9 , 31 , 32 ], while ICF and GRI are rarely applied [ 2 , 33 ]. The above-listed indices (except for IER and GER) were also used to assess the ecological risk in other environmental samples, like soils and sediments [ 5 , 30 , 34 ]. So far, there have been only a few studies regarding the identification of the chemical forms of heavy metals in sewage sludge at different stages of its processing [ 2 , 4 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Chemical Forms of Heavy Metals in Municipal Sewage Sludge as a Critical Element of Ecological Risk Assessment in Terms of Its Agricultural or Natural Use

Tytła

2020

IJERPH

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The present study aimed to demonstrate that identification of the chemical forms of heavy metals in sewage sludge produced in municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) is a critical element of ecological risk assessment, especially in terms of its agricultural or natural use. The concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg) were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES) and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS). The chemical forms of heavy metals were analyzed in accordance with the sequential extraction method proposed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). Sludge samples were collected at the five municipal WWTPs located in the largest industrial area in the country, i.e., the Upper Silesian Industrial Region (southern Poland, central Europe). The ecological risk was assessed by calculating the Potential Ecological Risk Factor (ER), Risk Index (RI), Risk Assessment Code (RAC), Individual Contamination Factor (ICF), Global Risk Index (GRI) as well as the author’s indices, i.e., Individual Ecological Risk (IER) and Global Ecological Risk (GER). To demonstrate the differences between the level of ecological risk posed by the different heavy metals, sludge samples were collected at two specific points of the processing line. Considering the chemical forms of heavy metals, the highest ecological risk was posed by Zn, Cd and Ni, while in the case of their total concentrations, by Cd and Hg. The obtained results confirm that quantitative determination of the total content of heavy metals in sewage sludge is not a sufficient criterion in assessment of the ecological risk that these elements pose to the natural environment and living organisms. Moreover, multivariate statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between the concentrations of heavy metals, which indicates that they plausibly originate from the same source of pollution.

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Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soils in Yanqi County, Xinjiang, Northwest China

Cited by 37 publications

References 23 publications

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Located in the Most Industrialized Region in Poland—Case Study

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Located in the Most Industrialized Region in Poland—Case Study

Heavy Metals in Agriculture Soils from High Andean Zones and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment in Peru's Central Andes

Identification of the Chemical Forms of Heavy Metals in Municipal Sewage Sludge as a Critical Element of Ecological Risk Assessment in Terms of Its Agricultural or Natural Use

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