Pollutants Emissions of CO and Soot from Flame-wall Interactions in Fundamental and Practical Energy Conversion Systems: A Review

Abstract

Flame-wall interactions (FWI) as one kind of fundamental combustion phenomenon is universally found in various laboratory and practical combustion devices. It not only affects the combustion and energy conversion efficiency but also induces severe pollutants emissions. This review summarizes the pollutants emission characteristics in FWI from CO and soot aspects. The investigations of CO formation from FWI in various fundamental and practical energy conversion systems with different fuel types, operating conditions, sampling and analyzing methods and etc. are separately discussed. Meanwhile, multiple advanced laser diagnostics techniques are also adopted in different laboratory impinging flames to acquire more accurate and precise measurements of CO distributions in FWI. To gain more knowledge of pollutants emissions in FWI, the behaviors of soot from practical internal engines are observed with the aid of visualization techniques. Studies that utilize different combustion system configurations to modulate soot formation in FWI of practical engines are conducted as well. Recent literature subsequently evaluates the variations of soot morphology and nanostructure in FWI. The characteristics of soot particle size distribution function (PSDF) from FWI are briefly studied via burner-stabilized stagnation (BBS) flames at laboratory scale. The review ends with the unresolved issues for the future research.

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