Pollutant loads and water quality in streams of heavily populated and industrialised towns

Ntengwe, F.W.

doi:10.1016/j.pce.2006.08.025

Cited by 65 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…According to aforesaid statement, the appropriate discharging amount can be taken in 10 cms to 15 cms in order to dilute the BOD of community wastewater less 3 mg/L (PCD, 2013) which is conditioned for aquatic lives and waterworks as well as desirable usage for any activities. If discharge more than 15 cms, the diluting mixture would be highly deteriorated due to wash off organic matters and soils through flooding along the riverbanks, while less 10-cms discharge from Phetchaburi diversion dam was surely caused to low effective dilution process due to too low amount of mass water flow which were the same trends of previous research results of Wang et al (1978); Vagnetti et al (2003); Tanji et al (2006); Tyagi et al (1999); Tchobanoglous and Schoeder (1985); Streeter and Phelps (1925); Reynolds and Edwards (1995); Postel and Richter (2003); Ntengwe (2006);McColl (1974); Luderitz et al (2004); Lajoie et al (2007); Derx et al (2014), Chidya et al (2011);Cazelles et al (1991); Berkowitz et al (2011);and Berkun (2005).…”

Section: Contaminant-based Requirement For Discharge Selectionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…So, it has to point out that the sampling point at 30-cm depth is eligible for being representative of any depth while water in motion. Therefore, the water quality studies of streamflow in Phetchaburi river will be taken from only the 30-cm depth as shown in Table 3 and Figure 4 which is the international measuring depth (PCD, 2013; APHA, 1952; APHA.AWWA.WEF, 1992; Metcalf and Eddy, 1979;Ntengwe, 2006;Postel and Richter, 2003;Pattamapitoon, 2013;Reynolds and Edwards, 1995;Streeter and Phelps, 1958;Tanji et al, 2006;Vagnetti et al, 2003;Vargaftik et al, 1983;Wang et al, 1987).…”

Section: Variation Of Flow Rate On Measuring Water Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is noticed that the concentration of contaminants in stream pollution was varied among seasons and amount of streamflow as well as the diluting-rainwater capability (LERD, 2011;LERD, 2012;Thaipichitburapa et al, 2010;Streeter & Pheiplps, 1958;Reynolds & Edwards, 1995;Berkun, 2005;Robison & Maris, 1985;Faerge et al, 2001). In addition, the stream length was influenced in the excessive contaminants owning to the efficiency of self purification in which the longer the distance is the more the recovery (Ntengwe, 2006;Vagnetti et al, 2003;Cazelles et al, 1991;Tanji et al, 2006;McColl, 1974;Liu & Chen, 2009;Kraus et al, 2014). In the same situation, if the bacterial digesting rate is less than organic wastes (both solid and liquid) releasing rate then the stream pollution may be caused the seriousness, especially the zones of dense populated in the riverine systems (Derx et al, 2014;Pattamapitoon, 2013;Vargaftik et al, 1983;Wang et al, 1978;Tyagi et al, 1999;Penha-Lopes et al, 2011;Srigate, 2009;Streeter & Phelps, 1958).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Appropriate Discharge from Diversion Dam to Dilute High Concentrated Community Wastewater of Riverbank Settlements along Phetchaburi River in Phetchaburi Province, Thailand

Mahasinpaisarn¹,

Chunkao²,

Tanchalanukit³

et al. 2015

MAS

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The research was focused on determining dilatability of traveling mass water from Phetchaburi diversion dam on high concentrated community wastewater that flowing into Phetchaburi river. The mass water quality was sampled at six-consecutive measuring stations from Phetchaburi diversion dam to the river mouth with various distances of traveling, and analyzed for 27 environmental indicators before employing ANOVA ANALYSIS which resulted with highly significant differences between indicator and station only BOD, COD, TSS, and turbidity. When the linear regression was employed to determine both the water quality indicators in relation to discharges (10, 15, 20, and 25 cms.) and the traveling distances, resulting the determination coefficients of 0.93 for BOD, 0.80 for COD, 0.83 for TSS, and 0.50 for turbidity. Only BOD value is included in the list of surface water quality standards. After employing the derived equations to calculate BOD in comparison with observed value, then it was chosen to support the decision of required BOD for 3 mg/L at Muang Municipal Bridge together with discharge of 10-15 cms from Phetchaburi diversion dam. If more or less this range in summer period, the dilatability of high contaminant concentration was decreased 2-10 folds due to less mass water flow and washing off organic and solid wastes from flooding along the riverbanks. Furthermore, the traveling mass water from diversion dam is possibly eligible to dilute the high concentrated wastewater from dense and populated community but the diluted mixture depending on the amount and concentration of wastewater inflow.

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Section: Contaminant-based Requirement For Discharge Selectionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Variation Of Flow Rate On Measuring Water Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Appropriate Discharge from Diversion Dam to Dilute High Concentrated Community Wastewater of Riverbank Settlements along Phetchaburi River in Phetchaburi Province, Thailand

Mahasinpaisarn¹,

Chunkao²,

Tanchalanukit³

et al. 2015

MAS

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“…Generally, all the effluents collected from sand filters are low which is less than 16 NTU, showing that more than 70% are reduced. As said by Ntengwe [11], turbidity is caused by the presence of suspended matter, organic particles, plankton and other microscopic organisms. Water quality index of the water samples are also calculated in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Study on Modified Sand Filtration Towards Water Quality of Wet Market Waste Water

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Investigation on the potential of sand filter as a pre-treatment of waste water was done in Kangar wet market, Perlis. Besides, the best composition of filter in order to treat wastewater based on BOD, COD, SS, AN, turbidity and pH levels are further examined. In this study, there are four types of sand filter composition which the medias consist of fine sand and coarse sand while the modified sand filter are consist of sand, course sand and activated carbon prepared from rice husk and coconut shells. After 10 weeks of treatment, the results show that the concentration of BOD, COD, SS, AN, turbidity and pH were reduced up to 86%, 84%, 63%, 88%, 73%, respectively while pH nearly to neutral with 6.83. Moreover, the result also revealed that the sand filter added with rice husk almost complied with Standard B of Malaysia Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009 as well as gives the highest number of WQI with 36.81. Overall, WQI obtained in this study are ranged from 12.77 to 36.81.

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“…The quality of the water plays a fundamental role in this interaction by contributing to the maintenance of a balanced environment (Ntengwe 2006). The cultivation of irrigated rice is widely considered to be one of the agricultural activities that consume most water.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial, physical and chemical properties of irrigation water in rice fields of Southern Brazil

Reche

Machado

Saul

et al. 2016

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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This paper presents the results of the statistical analysis of microbiological, physical and chemical parameters related to the quality of the water used in rice fi elds in Southern Brazil. Data were collected during three consecutive crop years, within structure of a comprehensive monitoring program. The indicators used were: potential hydrogen, electrical conductivity, turbidity, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, total and fecal coliforms. Principal Component and Discriminant Analysis showed consistent differences between the water irrigation and drainage, as the temporal variation demonstrated a clear reduction in the concentration of most of the variables analyzed. The pattern of this reduction is not the same in the two regions -that is, the importance of each of the different variables in the observed differentiation is modifi ed in two locations. These results suggested that the variations in the water quality utilized for rice irrigation was infl uenced by certain specifi c aspects of each rice region in South Brazilian -such as anthropic action or soil/climate conditions in each hydrographic basin.

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Pollutant loads and water quality in streams of heavily populated and industrialised towns

Cited by 65 publications

References 7 publications

Appropriate Discharge from Diversion Dam to Dilute High Concentrated Community Wastewater of Riverbank Settlements along Phetchaburi River in Phetchaburi Province, Thailand

Appropriate Discharge from Diversion Dam to Dilute High Concentrated Community Wastewater of Riverbank Settlements along Phetchaburi River in Phetchaburi Province, Thailand

Study on Modified Sand Filtration Towards Water Quality of Wet Market Waste Water

Microbial, physical and chemical properties of irrigation water in rice fields of Southern Brazil

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