Pollutant Emissions during Co-incineration of Landfill Material Refuse-Derived Fuel in a Lab-Scale Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fluidized Bed Furnace

Abstract

Landfill material refers to the waste that has been buried in landfill sites for a long time. The combustible components of landfill material can be made into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) for energy utilization. According to previous studies, landfill material refuse-derived fuel (LMRDF) mainly consisted of plastic and rubber with a relatively high calorific value. In this study, the proximate and ultimate analyses of LMRDF and municipal solid waste were compared. The kinetic analyses of LMRDF, RDF, and their mixture with different ratios were also conducted. Furthermore, the pollutant emissions during co-incineration of LMRDF in a labscale municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fluidized bed furnace were investigated. The effects of the co-incineration ratio, incineration temperature, and water content of LMRDF on pollutant emissions were also observed. The emissions of NO x , SO 2 , CO, and HCl varied a lot under different experimental conditions, while the contents of heavy metal in the flue gas and fly ash almost remained the same. Additionally, the concentration of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the flue gas when 30 wt % dried LMRDF was co-incinerated at 850 °C was the lowest, with the value of 7.53 ± 0.89 ng/m 3 (0.63 ± 0.26 ng of I-TEQ/m 3 ). It was supposed that the soil attached on the LMRDF enhanced the furnace fluidization level, resulting in better combustion of waste. The good correlation of HCl and PCDD/F concentrations in the flue gas was found. Most importantly, the concentration of PCDD/Fs in the fly ash increased with the co-incineration ratio of LMRDF because more Cu and Cl entered the furnace with the soil impurities. The ratios of PCDFs/PCDDs in all of the flue gas and fly ash are greater than 1, indicating that de novo synthesis might be the dominant way to form PCDD/Fs. In summary, the results revealed that coincineration of a certain amount of LMRDF in the MSWI fluidized bed furnace would not largely increase the pollutant emissions.

The Future of Flash Graphene for the Sustainable Management of Solid Waste

“…The final step in MSW management includes landfilling, composting, anaerobic digestion, incineration, pyrolysis, or gasification (Figure b). However, around 70% of global waste ends up in landfills or open dumps, whereas only ∼19% is composted and recycled and 11% is incinerated. , Landfilling and open dumping discharge various contaminants to the environment, including greenhouse gases, volatile organics, potentially toxic elements, and persistent organic pollutants. ,, Landfills emit methane, water vapors, CO 2 , and other non-methane organic compounds, including hazardous gaseous pollutants and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). ,, Open dump and landfilling sites are one of the major contributors to methane gas emissiona major source of global warming. , The methane can also trigger open fires and explosions. , In addition, landfills also emit H 2 S and other odorous compounds, including toluene, benzene, xylene, and ethylbenzene. , Long-term exposure to minute concentrations of these VOCs can adversely affect human health. ,,, …”

“…18,36 Landfilling and open dumping discharge various contaminants to the environment, including greenhouse gases, volatile organics, potentially toxic elements, and persistent organic pollutants. 21,37,38 Landfills emit methane, water vapors, CO 2 , and other non-methane organic compounds, including hazardous gaseous pollutants and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). 16,39,40 Open dump and landfilling sites are one of the major contributors to methane gas emissiona major source of global warming.…”

“…21,42 Long-term exposure to minute concentrations of these VOCs can adversely affect human health. 16,37,43,44 The decomposition of solid waste results in liquids called landfill leachate, which is rich in organic and inorganic substances. 16,45 Landfill leachate originates with an underflow of groundwater or infiltration of rainwater through deposited waste.…”

Study on Correlation Characteristics of PCDD/Fs Isomers Generation during the Coal-Combustion Process with Sludge Mixing

“…In the evaluation of the distribution characteristics of PCDD/Fs, more attention is paid to the ratio of PCDDs to PCDFs, rather than the transformation among PCDD/Fs isomers. For example, Peng Tao Cai et al 16 believed that when the ratio of PCDDs to PCDFs is greater than 1, it indicated that de novo synthesis the main way of PCDD/Fs generation. Takashi Fujimori et al 17 considered that de novo synthesis should involve the formation of C-C bonds through oxidation and subsequent chlorination, as well as chlorination.…”

Function Pathways of CaO Decoration on the Internal Transformation of PCDD/Fs Isomers for Chemical Looping Combustion of Plastic Waste

“…In the evaluation of the distribution characteristics of PCDD/Fs, more attention is paid to the ratio of PCDDs to PCDFs, rather than the transformation among PCDD/F isomers. For example, Cai et al 14 believe that when the ratio of PCDDs to PCDFs is greater than 1, it indicates that de novo synthesis maybe the main way of PCDD/F generation. Fujimori et al 15 considered that de novo synthesis should involve the formation of C−C bonds through oxidation and subsequent chlorination.…”