Pollinia Removal and Suspected Pollination of the Endangered Ghost Orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii (Orchidaceae) by Various Hawk Moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): Another Mystery Dispelled

Danaher, Mark; Ward, Carlton; Zettler, Lawrence W.; Covell, Charles V.

doi:10.1653/024.102.0401

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…50 km from the SE of the FPNWR. This study also revealed that only one of the seven sites (Population A) harbored spontaneous seedlings during all six years when data were collected, and this site was also the wettest, i.e., it maintains relatively high water levels throughout the year [ 10 ]. One site (Population D) harbored 15 seedlings that were recorded in the 2019 survey, but these seedlings did not survive the following year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available moisture at Population A also may affect the hawk moth pollinators of D. lindenii by reducing the distribution of potential host plants needed by their larvae. Danaher et al [ 10 ] documented at least two hawk moth pollinators (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of D. lindenii in the FPNWR ( Dolba hyloeus , Pachylia ficus ) and four other species are suspected of being capable of pollination. Larvae of both D. hyloeus and P. ficus are reported to feed on Ficus and Ilex trees [ 10 ] which are probably less prone to desiccation than herbaceous plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Danaher et al [ 10 ] documented at least two hawk moth pollinators (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of D. lindenii in the FPNWR ( Dolba hyloeus , Pachylia ficus ) and four other species are suspected of being capable of pollination. Larvae of both D. hyloeus and P. ficus are reported to feed on Ficus and Ilex trees [ 10 ] which are probably less prone to desiccation than herbaceous plants. Consequently, nectar volume levels measured in D. lindenii flowers were noticeably less in 2020 during a prolonged dry period compared to nectar levels measured the year before when conditions were wetter (J. Lu, M. LaRusso, unpub.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although D. lindenii is listed as endangered by the State of Florida [ 5 ], it is not Federally-listed because it is also found outside of the United States (Cuba). This assumption has yet to be substantiated by much-needed genetic comparisons [ 10 ]. Given that ghost orchids in Cuba differ in having slightly larger flowers that open later in the year (October to December) [ 2 ], the possibility remains that D. lindenii populations in Florida differ taxonomically from those in Cuba.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Projected Status of the Ghost Orchid (Dendrophylax lindenii) in Florida during the Next Decade Based on Temporal Dynamic Studies Spanning Six Years

Mújica¹,

Herdman

Danaher

et al. 2021

Plants

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The enigmatic ghost orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii (Lindley) Bentham ex Rolfe, is a showy leafless epiphyte restricted to low-lying forests in south Florida and western Cuba. Because of its appeal and reputation for being difficult to cultivate, D. lindenii remains vulnerable to poaching and environmental changes. About 2000 individuals are assumed to remain in Florida, most confined within water-filled cypress domes in the Fakahatchee Strand, but virtually no information exists on current population numbers throughout the region. This paper provides a preliminary summary of the ghost orchid’s projected status based on six continuous years of data collected within the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge (FPNWR) from 2015–2020. The orchids were clustered in seven different populations, each separated by ca. 5 km. Quantitative data were collected spanning three age classes (seedlings, juveniles, mature plants) for each population, and survival, flowering, and fruiting were noted. To estimate the temporal variability in the demographic rates, size-structured integral projection models (IPMs) were constructed for each annual transition (e.g., 2015–2016, 2016–2017). Results for all seven populations pooled suggest that D. lindenii numbers will decline by 20% during the next decade in the absence of external adverse factors. Seedling recruitment is not expected to keep pace with the projected decline. Only one population, which was also from the wettest location, continuously harbored spontaneous seedlings, suggesting that most populations within the FPNWR lack conditions suitable for reproduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Projected Status of the Ghost Orchid (Dendrophylax lindenii) in Florida during the Next Decade Based on Temporal Dynamic Studies Spanning Six Years

Mújica¹,

Herdman

Danaher

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…Currently, a mid‐range CT costs 200—500 USD (Rovero et al., 2013; Wearn & Glover‐Kapfer, 2017). The unit price of motion‐triggered CT systems designed for insect monitoring range from 400 EUR (Pegoraro et al., 2020) to several thousands of euros (Danaher et al., 2020; Houlihan et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PICT: A low‐cost, modular, open‐source camera trap system to study plant–insect interactions

et al. 2021

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1. Commercial camera traps (CTs) commonly used in wildlife studies have several technical limitations that restrict their scope of application. They are not easily customizable, unit prices sharply increase with image quality and importantly, they are not designed to record the activity of ectotherms such as insects. Those developed for the study of plant-insect interactions are yet to be widely adopted as they rely on expensive and heavy equipment.2. We developed PICT (plant-insect interactions camera trap), an inexpensive (<100 USD) do-it-yourself CT system based on a Raspberry Pi Zero computer designed to continuously film animal activity. The system is particularly well suited for the study of pollination, insect behaviour and predator-prey interactions. The focus distance can be manually adjusted to under 5 cm. In low light conditions, a near-infrared light automatically illuminates the subject. Frame rate, resolution and video compression levels can be set by the user. The system can be remotely controlled using either a smartphone, tablet or laptop via the onboard Wi-Fi. PICT can record up to 72-hr day and night videos at >720p resolution with a 110-Wh power bank (30,000 mAh).Its ultra-portable (<1 kg) waterproof design and modular architecture is practical in diverse field settings. We provide an illustrated technical guide detailing the steps involved in building and operating a PICT and for video post-processing.3. We successfully field-tested PICT in a Central African rainforest in two contrasting research settings: an insect pollinator survey in the canopy of the African ebony Diospyros crassiflora and the observation of rare pollination events of an epiphytic orchid Cyrtorchis letouzeyi.4. PICT overcomes many of the limitations commonly associated with CT systems designed to monitor ectotherms. Increased portability and image quality at lower costs This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Evolutionary functional morphology of the proboscis and feeding apparatus of hawk moths (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera)

Reinwald

Bauder

Karolyi

et al. 2022

Journal of Morphology

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The morphology of the proboscis and associated feeding organs was studied in several nectar-feeding hawk moths, as well as a specialized honey-feeder and two supposedly nonfeeding species. The proboscis lengths ranged from a few millimeters to more than 200 mm. Despite the variation in proboscis length and feeding strategy, the principle external and internal composition of the galeae, the stipes pump, and the suction pump were similar across all species. The morphology of the smooth and slender proboscis is highly conserved among all lineages of nectar-feeding Sphingidae. Remarkably, they share a typical arrangement of the sensilla at the tip.The number and length of sensilla styloconica are independent from proboscis length. A unique proboscis morphology was found in the honey-feeding species Acherontia atropos. Here, the distinctly pointed apex displays a large subterminal opening of the food canal, and thus characterizes a novel type of piercing proboscis in Lepidoptera. In the probably nonfeeding species, the rudimentary galeae are not interlocked and the apex lacks sensilla styloconica; galeal muscles, however, are present. All studied species demonstrate an identical anatomy of the stipes, and suction pump, regardless of proboscis length and diet. Even supposedly nonfeeding Sphingidae possess all organs of the feeding apparatus, suggesting that their proboscis rudiments might still be functional. The morphometric analyses indicate significant positive correlations between galea lumen volume and stipes muscle volume as well as the volume of the food canal and the muscular volume of the suction pump. Size correlations of these functionally connected organs reflect morphological fine-tuning in the evolution of proboscis length and function.

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Pollinia Removal and Suspected Pollination of the Endangered Ghost Orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii (Orchidaceae) by Various Hawk Moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): Another Mystery Dispelled

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Projected Status of the Ghost Orchid (Dendrophylax lindenii) in Florida during the Next Decade Based on Temporal Dynamic Studies Spanning Six Years

Projected Status of the Ghost Orchid (Dendrophylax lindenii) in Florida during the Next Decade Based on Temporal Dynamic Studies Spanning Six Years

PICT: A low‐cost, modular, open‐source camera trap system to study plant–insect interactions

Evolutionary functional morphology of the proboscis and feeding apparatus of hawk moths (Sphingidae: Lepidoptera)

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