Pollination studies in large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) of Sikkim Himalayan region of India

Kishore, Kundan; Kalita, Homeshwar; Singh, Mohinder; Avasthe, R. K.; Pandey, Brijesh; Denzongpa, Rinchen

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2011.05.031

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This situation also confirmed that there is high removal-high deposition (HRHD) as suggested for effective pollinator (Thomson and Thomson 1992;Thomson and Goodell 2001). The cumulative time spent by honey bees and by bumble bees recorded in this study was higher than that reported by Kishore et al (2011). Thus, higher tendency of honey bees on foraging in the flowers could also result in a significant contribution to pollination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Honey bees spent more time in flower during foraging than bumble bees. Thus foraging habits of both the pollinators were comparatively different as also reported by Kishore et al (2011). Minute observation on the foraging dynamics of honey bees showed that their movements, mainly on the anther-stigma column resulted in the transfer of pollen to the stigma in the process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Efficient pollination is a major limiting factor for stability of yield of several economically important crops species (Allen-Wardell et al 1998) including large cardamom (Sinu and Shivanna 2007). Bumble bees (Bombus braviceps and Bombus haemorrhoidalis) are reported to be the most efficient pollinators of large cardamom till date, while honey bees have been reported as pollen robber, which leave 70% of large cardamom flowers un-pollinated (Sinu and Shivanna 2007;Sinu et al 2007;Kishore et al 2011;Deka et al 2011;Kishore et al 2012). Interestingly, Sharma (2013), and Partap et al (2014) have reported the perception of farmers of the Sikkim Himalaya that honey bees are in fact good pollinators for large cardamom, and are also traditionally reared by farm-households.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollination biology of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) with special emphasis on honey bees (Apis spp.) and bumble bees (Bombus spp.) pollinators

Sharma¹,

Partap

Sharma³

2019

Trop Ecol

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We studied pollination ecology of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum) in three altitudinal gradients (1100, 1500, 2000 m) in the Sikkim Himalaya, with the hypothesis that both honey bees (Apis spp.) and bumble bees (Bombus braviceps, B. haemorrhoidalis) contribute to pollination and enhance yield. We placed honey bees colonies in cardamom stands, studied pollination within 50 m radius, 250 m away from it; and under control nets restricting pollinators. Honey bees showed highest number of floral visits (19.24 ± 4.23 per 12 m 2) within 50 m than bumble bees (13.87 ± 3.12 per 12 m 2). In 250 m stand, bumble bees visits (20.57 ± 5.31 per 12 m 2) were higher than honey bees (9.44 ± 2.54 per 12 m 2). Pollen removal by honey bees and bumble bees was 30-40% and 50-70% of the total pollen, respectively. Time spent across sites and treatments by honey bees ranged higher (12.87-36.25 s flower −1), than bumble bees (4.60-27.80 s flower −1). Visitation of bees increased with increasing number of cardamom flowers and showed positive correlation (r 2 = 0.46-0.55, P < 0.001). Number of capsules per spike, capsule/seed weight, and gross agronomic yield was highest within 50 m, lower in 250 m and lowest in control confirming that honey bees pollinated stand had higher yield. The study also confirmed that both honey bees and bumble bees were pollen collectors and pollination is by-product of their foraging activity on the flowers. This study suggests new insight on contribution of honey bees to large cardamom pollination and further research is needed for pollinators-large cardamom interaction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollination biology of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) with special emphasis on honey bees (Apis spp.) and bumble bees (Bombus spp.) pollinators

Sharma¹,

Partap

Sharma³

2019

Trop Ecol

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“…Nevertheless, this broad generalization hypothesis has been criticized by other researchers [1], [19], [20] who argue that some floral visitors that are usually considered in pollination webs are actually ineffective pollinators. In fact, a broad spectrum of diverse floral visitors with positive, neutral, and even negative effects on plant reproductive success can be found [21]–[24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalization versus Specialization in Pollination Systems: Visitors, Thieves, and Pollinators of Hypoestes aristata (Acanthaceae)

et al. 2013

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Many recent studies have suggested that the majority of animal-pollinated plants have a higher diversity of pollinators than that expected according to their pollination syndrome. This broad generalization, often based on pollination web data, has been challenged by the fact that some floral visitors recorded in pollination webs are ineffective pollinators. To contribute to this debate, and to obtain a contrast between visitors and pollinators, we studied insect and bird visitors to virgin flowers of Hypoestes aristata in the Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon. We observed the flowers and their visitors for 2-h periods and measured the seed production as a metric of reproductive success. We determined the effects of individual visitors using 2 statistical models, single-visit data that were gathered for more frequent visitor species, and frequency data. This approach enabled us to determine the positive as well as neutral or negative impact of visitors on H. aristata’s reproductive success. We found that (i) this plant is not generalized but rather specialized; although we recorded 15 morphotaxa of visitors, only 3 large bee species seemed to be important pollinators; (ii) the carpenter bee Xylocopa cf. inconstans was both the most frequent and the most effective pollinator; (iii) the honey bee Apis mellifera acted as a nectar thief with apparent negative effects on the plant reproduction; and (iv) the close relationship between H. aristata and carpenter bees was in agreement with the large-bee pollination syndrome of this plant. Our results highlight the need for studies detecting the roles of individual visitors. We showed that such an approach is necessary to evaluate the pollination syndrome hypothesis and create relevant evolutionary and ecological hypotheses.

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“…El cultivo de cardamomo es una planta perenne de la familia Zingiberácea, originaria de los bosques de la India meridional, donde aún se cultiva, aunque en la actualidad es producida principalmente por Guatemala, al que se le atribuye el dominio en el precio a nivel mundial por su capacidad productiva y de respuesta ante una demanda constante por Arabia Saudita, India, Singapur y Paquistán, países que han llegado a concentrar hasta el 73% de las importaciones mundiales y en menores proporciones la demanda corresponde a China y países europeos (Alemania, Francia y Reino Unido) y EEUU, entre otros (OLENNIKOV; ROKHIN, 2013;KISHORE et al, 2011;LUCCHESI et al, 2007;NAIR, 2006;SANGAKKARA, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Caracterización del aceite microencapsulado de cardamomo (Elettaria cardamomum) extraído por fluidos supercríticos a escala semi-industrial

Ramírez

Cardona

Jaramillo

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Food Technol.

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Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto (Open Access) bajo la licencia Creative Commons Attribution, que permite su uso, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio, sin restricciones siempre que el trabajo original sea debidamente citado. Caracterización del aceite microencapsulado de cardamomo (Elettaria cardamomum) extraído por fluidos supercríticos a escala semi-industrial Characterization of microencapsulated cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) oil extracted using supercritical fluids on a semi-industrial scale ResumenEl objetivo de este trabajo radicó en encontrar las condiciones óptimas para la obtención de un aceite de cardamomo, extraído por FSC a escala semi-industrial, con rendimientos iguales o superiores a los métodos convencionales, pero con calidad sensorial y técnica competitiva para los mercados internacionales, así como la producción de microcápsulas del aceite que permitieran incrementar la solubilidad, sin afectar las características sensoriales como aroma y sabor. Las semillas de cardamomo se obtuvieron en el municipio de Tarso, (Antioquia, Colombia), se acondicionaron para ser extraídas por FSC a escala de laboratorio a 200.400 bar y 50 °C, 60 °C, con tres réplicas al centro a 300 bar y 55 °C, de acuerdo a un diseño central compuesto y la optimización de los resultados por superficie de respuesta según el rendimiento (%) y contenido de 1,8-cineol y acetato de α-terpenilo. Las condiciones finales (50 °C, 400 bar) se escalaron a un extractor semi-industrial hasta obtener un aceite con un rendimiento de 8,54 ± 1,09% y una concentración de 1,8-cineol (28,37 ± 1,80% p/p) y acetato de α-terpenilo (32,93 ± 1,24% p/p), analizados por GC-FID. La caracterización complementaria del aceite se encaminó al perfil sensorial y pruebas fisicoquímicas, con un resultado de atributos balanceados (herbal: 3,0, menta: 2,6, floral: 2,4 y cítrico: 2,3) e índice de color entre (+2 y +20). El aceite fue microencapsulado por secado por aspersión con una mezcla de goma arábiga, maltodextrina y almidón modificado (4/6, 1/6, 1/6) respectivamente. Se obtuvieron microcápsulas con un tamaño de partícula entre 12,2 y 25,78 µm y una distribución de la misma en solución acuosa de 13,18 µm, lo que permitió el aumento de la solubilidad del aceite en una matriz polar a temperatura ambiente. Palabras clave: Elettaria cardamomum; Fluidos supercríticos; Microencapsulación; Secado por aspersión; 1,8-cineol;Acetato de α-terpenilo. AbstractThe objective of this study was to find the optimal conditions to obtain cardamom oil extracted by SCF on a semi-industrial scale, with yields equal or superior to those obtained using the conventional methods, but with sensory quality and a technique competitive for international markets. In addition microcapsules were produced allowing for an increase in oil solubility, without affecting sensory features such as aroma and flavour. The cardamom seeds were obtained in the city of Tarso-Antioquia (Colombia), and were conditioned to be extracted by SCF on a laboratory scale at 200 and 400 Bar a...

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Pollination studies in large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) of Sikkim Himalayan region of India

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Pollination biology of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) with special emphasis on honey bees (Apis spp.) and bumble bees (Bombus spp.) pollinators

Pollination biology of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) with special emphasis on honey bees (Apis spp.) and bumble bees (Bombus spp.) pollinators

Generalization versus Specialization in Pollination Systems: Visitors, Thieves, and Pollinators of Hypoestes aristata (Acanthaceae)

Caracterización del aceite microencapsulado de cardamomo (Elettaria cardamomum) extraído por fluidos supercríticos a escala semi-industrial

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