Pollination-induced flower senescence: a review

Stead, Anthony D.

doi:10.1007/bf00024427

Cited by 145 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Indeed, there are a number of reports that auxin is a natural component of orchid pollen (Müller, 1953;Arditti, 1979;Stead, 1992). In light of this association between auxin and pollination in orchids, we also examined the effect of auxin on the stimulation of ethylene produced by detached flowers.…”

Section: Physiology Of the Pollination Response And The Involvement Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pollination responses have been studied in a number of flowers mainly with regard to pollen tube/style interactions (Nasrallah et al, 1985(Nasrallah et al, ,1988Anderson et al, 1986;Bernatsky et al, 1987;Cornish et al, 1987;Sanders and Lord, 1989;Haring et al, 1990), with only a few focusing on pollination-induced perianth senescence (reviewed by Halevy, 1986;Stead, 1992). Because pollen germinates on the stigma but subsequent developmental responses occur in the ovary and perianth, a pollination signal must move from the stigma to other floral organs, thus implicating the involvement of an interorgan messenger of pollination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interorgan regulation of ethylene biosynthetic genes by pollination.

et al. 1993

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Pollination initiates a syndrome of developmental events that contribute to successful reproduction, including perianth senescence, changes in pigmentation, and ovule differentiation in preparation for impending fertilization. In orchid flowers, initiation of each of these processes in distinct floral organs is strictly and coordinately controlled by pollination, thus providing a unique opportunity to study the signals that coordinate interorgan postpollination development. Because ethylene has been implicated in contributing to regulation of severa1 aspects of postpollination development, we focused on determining the expression of its biosynthetic genes and their possible role in regulation. The abundance of mRNA encoding both 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase in the stigma, ovary, and labellum was found to be coordinately regulated by emasculation, auxin, and ethylene. Although petals contribute up to 26% of total flower ethylene and accumulate high levels of ACC oxidase mRNA and activity following pollination, no ACC synthase mRNA or activity was detected in this tissue. Together, these results support a model of interorgan regulation of postpollination development that depends on pollination-stimulated accumulation of mRNA encoding ethylene biosynthetic enzymes in a developmentally regulated and tissue-specific manner. This model relies on the translocation of a soluble hormone precursor, ACC, rather than on the translocation of the hormone itself. In this way, ACC serves to actuate the response already initiated by ethylene perceived by other parts of the flower. Thus, ACC may function as a secondary transmissible signal that coordinates postpollination development in diverse floral organs.

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Section: Physiology Of the Pollination Response And The Involvement Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interorgan regulation of ethylene biosynthetic genes by pollination.

et al. 1993

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“…Pollen tubes eventually reach the ovary, each of them enters an ovule to deposit the male gametes into the embryo sac for fertilization (Cheung, 1995;Knox, 1984;Mascarenhas, 1993). Pollination induces many physiological and developmental responses within the flower, including ethylene evolution, stylar and perianth senescence, and changes in the nectary, ovary and ovules (Halvey, 1986;Herrero, 1992;Larsen et al, 1993;Stead, 1992;Zhang and O'Neill, 1993). Pollination also causes dramatic cellular and biochemical responses in the pistil, leading to deterioration and death in specific cell types (Cresti et al, 1986;Herrero and Dickinson, 1979;Fisher, 1968, 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination induces mRNA poly(A) tail‐shortening and cell deterioration in flower transmitting tissue

Wang

Cheung³

1996

The Plant Journal

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SummaryPollination induces many physiological responses in the flower, including deterioration and death in specific pistil cell types. It is shown here that within the style of tobacco, pollination-induced cell deterioration was restricted to the transmitting tissue while the surrounding cortical tissue was not affected. It was distinct from general senescence since exogenously applying the senescence-inducing hormone ethylene, or its precursor aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), to the flower or the pistil induced overall deterioration in the entire flower. Furthermore, both pollen tube growth and ethylene action were needed for the entire spectrum of cellular changes associated with this pollination-induced transmitting tissue deterioration process. It is also shown that pollination-induced mRNA poly(A) tail-shortening for at least three major classes of transmitting tissue-specific mRNAs. As is commonly observed for poly(A) tail-shortened mRNAs, the levels of two of these three mRNA classes decline after pollination. On the other hand, the third class of mRNAs, transmitting tissue-specific ('r'rs) mRNAs, was maintained at a very high level subsequent to pollination, even after substantial poly(A)-tail shortening. TTS mRNAs encode a pollen tube growth-promoting and -attracting protein needed for optimal in vivo pollen tube growth. The specific preservation of TTS mRNAs in the deteriorating transmitting tissue cells suggests that these cells can distinguish molecules needed in the pollinated styles from those that are dispensable, and protect them from degradation. It is suggested that the pollination-induced mRNA poly(A) tail-shortening and cell death are programmed processes suited to the post-pollination transmitting tissue environment. Results showing that ACC is a candidate signal molecule for the pollination-induced mRNA-shortening which is accentuated by ethylene and mediated via a protein phosphorylation-dependent signal transduction pathway are also presented.

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“…Indeed, orchid pollen contains high levels of indoleacetic acid (Müller, 1953;Arditti, 1971;Stead, 1992), leading investigators to associate the response to pollination with auxin. Many studies have demonstrated that the application of a number of auxins to the orchid stigma partially substitutes for pollination in inducing the postpollination syndrome in orchid flowers (Curtis, 1943;Burg and Dijkman, 1967;Arditti and Knauft, 1969;Arditti, 1979;Strauss and Arditti, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovary and Gametophyte Development Are Coordinately Regulated by Auxin and Ethylene following Pollination.

1993

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The differentiation and development of ovules in orchid flowers are pollination dependent. To define the developmental signals and timing of critical events associated with ovule differentiation, we have examined factors that regulate the initial events in megasporogenesis and female gametophyte development and characterized its progression toward maturity and fertilization. Two days after pollination, ovary wall epidermal cells begin to elongate and form hair cells; this is the earliest visible morphological change, and it occurs at least 3 days prior to pollen germination, indicating that signals associated with pollination itself trigger these early events. The effects of inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis on early morphological changes indicated that ethylene, in the presence of auxin, is required to initiate ovary development and, indirectly, subsequent ovule differentiation. Surprisingly, pollen germination and growth were also strongly inhibited by inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis, indicating that male gametophyte development is also regulated by ethylene. Detailed characterization of the development of both the female and male gametophyte in pollinated orchid flowers indicated that pollen tubes entered the ovary and grew along the ovary wall for 10 to 35 days, at which time growth was arrested. Approximately 40 days after pollination, coincident with ovule differentiation as indicated by the presence of a single archesporial cell, the direction of pollen tube growth became redirected toward the ovule, suggesting a chemical signaling between the developing ovule and male gametophyte. Taken together, these results indicate that both auxin and ethylene contribute to the regulation of both ovary and ovule development and to the coordination of development of male and female gametophytes.

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Pollination-induced flower senescence: a review

Cited by 145 publications

References 39 publications

Interorgan regulation of ethylene biosynthetic genes by pollination.

Interorgan regulation of ethylene biosynthetic genes by pollination.

Pollination induces mRNA poly(A) tail‐shortening and cell deterioration in flower transmitting tissue

Ovary and Gametophyte Development Are Coordinately Regulated by Auxin and Ethylene following Pollination.

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