Pollination and seed predation by moths on <i>Silene</i> and allied Caryophyllaceae: evaluating a model system to study the evolution of mutualisms

Kephart, Susan R.; Reynolds, Richard J.; Rutter, Matthew T.; Fenster, Charles B.; Dudash, Michele R.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01619.x

Cited by 97 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(121 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

139

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This can explain the persistence of color dimorphism over years and across populations of L. pubescens (Wolfe, 2001). Other possible mechanisms that maintain polymorphism within populations include contrasting selection regimes created by different pollinators (Eckhart, Rushing, Hart, & Hansen, 2006; Jorgensen, Petanidou, & Andersson, 2006; Pellegrino, Caimi, Noce, & Musacchio, 2005; Sahli & Conner, 2011), or contrasting selection regimes executed by the same animal that acts as both mutualist (pollinator) and antagonist (seed predator; Kephart, Reynolds, Rutter, Fenster, & Dudash, 2006; Morris, Vazquez, & Chacoff, 2010). In L. pubescens , observed differences between mornings and evenings in color preferences (at least in one year) suggest that the same pollinator may execute different selection regimes on color over the day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollinator‐mediated selection on floral size and tube color in Linum pubescens: Can differential behavior and preference in different times of the day maintain dimorphism?

Lebel

Obolski

Hadany

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diversity of flower traits is often proposed as the outcome of selection exerted by pollinators. Positive directional pollinator‐mediated selection on floral size has been widely shown to reduce phenotypic variance. However, the underlying mechanism of maintaining within‐population floral color polymorphism is poorly understood. Divergent selection, mediated by different pollinators or by both mutualists and antagonists, may create and maintain such polymorphism, but it has rarely been shown to result from differential behavior of one pollinator. We tested whether different behaviors of the same pollinators in morning and evening are associated with dimorphic floral trait in Linum pubescens, a Mediterranean annual plant that exhibits variable within‐population frequencies of dark‐ and light‐colored flower tubes. Usia bicolor bee‐flies, the major pollinators of L. pubescens, are mostly feeding in the flower in the morning, while in the evening they are mostly visiting the flowers for mating. In 2 years of studying L. pubescens in a single large population in the Carmel, Israel, we found in one year that dark‐centered flowers received significantly higher fraction of visits in the morning. Fitness was positively affected by number of visits, but no fitness differences were found between tube‐color morphs, suggesting that both morphs have similar pollination success. Using mediation analysis, we found that flower size was under positive directional pollinator‐mediated selection in both years, but pollinator behavior did not explain entirely this selection, which was possibly mediated also by other agents, such as florivores or a‐biotic stresses. While most pollinator‐mediated selection studies show that flower size signals food reward, in L. pubescens, it may also signal for mating place, which may drive positive selection. While flower size found to be under pollinator‐mediated selection in L. pubescens, differential behavior of the pollinators in morning and evening did not seem to explain flower color polymorphism.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollinator‐mediated selection on floral size and tube color in Linum pubescens: Can differential behavior and preference in different times of the day maintain dimorphism?

Lebel

Obolski

Hadany

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…tatarica, Tero et al, 2005) also suggest gene dispersal in the range of tens of meters. However, some of these species have diurnal 'pollination syndrome' with pink flowers and are partly self-compatible (Aspi et al, 2003;Marr, 2006), and/ or are mostly pollinated by bees (Kephart et al, 2006) or bumblebees (Shykoff, 1988;Marr, 2006). Diurnal insect pollinators tend to forage primarily within rather than between flower patches (Altizer et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Population persistence thus requires relatively large both effective population sizes and pollen movement. The white campion is pollinated by insects, mostly by the specialist pollinator/seed predator Hadena bicruris, Noctuidae (Blair and Wolfe, 2004;Bopp and Gottsberger, 2004;Jolivet and Bernasconi, 2006;Kephart et al, 2006). Seeds are gravity dispersed (Bari, 1969;Moyle, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-scale spatial genetic structure and gene dispersal in Silene latifolia

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plants are sessile organisms, often characterized by limited dispersal. Seeds and pollen are the critical stages for gene flow. Here we investigate spatial genetic structure, gene dispersal and the relative contribution of pollen vs seed in the movement of genes in a stable metapopulation of the white campion Silene latifolia within its native range. This shortlived perennial plant is dioecious, has gravity-dispersed seeds and moth-mediated pollination. Direct measures of pollen dispersal suggested that large populations receive more pollen than small isolated populations and that most gene flow occurs within tens of meters. However, these studies were performed in the newly colonized range (North America) where the specialist pollinator is absent. In the native range (Europe), gene dispersal could fall on a different spatial scale. We genotyped 258 individuals from large and small (15) subpopulations along a 60 km, elongated metapopulation in Europe using six highly variable microsatellite markers, two X-linked and four autosomal. We found substantial genetic differentiation among subpopulations (global F ST ¼ 0.11) and a general pattern of isolation by distance over the whole sampled area. Spatial autocorrelation revealed high relatedness among neighboring individuals over hundreds of meters. Estimates of gene dispersal revealed gene flow at the scale of tens of meters (5-30 m), similar to the newly colonized range. Contrary to expectations, estimates of dispersal based on X and autosomal markers showed very similar ranges, suggesting similar levels of pollen and seed dispersal. This may be explained by stochastic events of extensive seed dispersal in this area and limited pollen dispersal.

show abstract

“…In nursery pollination, the pollinator acts as a seed predator during its larval stage (Dufaÿ and Anstett 2003;Kephart et al 2006;Westerbergh 2004). This should lead to plant defenses to reduce the costs imposed by seed predation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antagonistic interactions and defenses or counter-defenses are expected particularly in systems in which the adult pollinator lays its eggs in the flower and juveniles act as seed predators (nursery pollination; Dufaÿ and Anstett 2003;Kephart et al 2006). For the plant, the outcome of this interaction will depend on the balance of pollination benefits versus seed predation costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits and costs to pollinating, seed-eating insects: the effect of flower size and fruit abortion on larval performance

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plant-pollinator interactions are well-known examples of mutualism, but are not free of antagonism. Antagonistic interactions and defenses or counter-defenses are expected particularly in nursery pollination. In these systems, adult insects, while pollinating, lay their eggs in flowers, and juveniles consume the seeds from one or several fruits, thereby substantially reducing plant fitness. The outcome of such interactions will depend, for the plant, on the balance between pollination versus seed predation and for the larvae on the balance between the food and shelter provided versus the costs imposed by plant defenses, e.g., through abortion of infested fruits. Here, we examine the costs and benefits to the larvae in the nurserypollination system Silene latifolia/Hadena bicruris. Using selection lines that varied in flower size (large-vs. smallflowered plants), we investigated the effects of variation in flower and fruit size and of a potential defense, fruit abortion, on larval performance. In this system, infested fruits are significantly more likely to be aborted than noninfested fruits; however, it is unclear whether fruit abortion is effective as a defense. Larger flowers gave rise to larger fruits with more seeds, and larvae that were heavier at emergence. Fruit abortion was frequently observed (ca. 40% of the infested fruits). From aborted fruits, larvae emerged earlier and were substantially lighter than larvae emerging from non-aborted fruits. The lower mass at emergence of larvae from aborted fruits indicates that abortion is a resistance mechanism. Assuming that lower larval mass implies fewer resources invested in the frugivore, these results also suggest that abortion is likely to benefit the plant as a defense mechanism, by limiting both resources invested in attacked fruits, as well as the risk of secondary attack. This suggests that selective fruit abortion may contribute to the stability of mutualism also in this non-obligate system.

show abstract

Pollination and seed predation by moths on Silene and allied Caryophyllaceae: evaluating a model system to study the evolution of mutualisms

Cited by 97 publications

References 70 publications

Pollinator‐mediated selection on floral size and tube color in Linum pubescens: Can differential behavior and preference in different times of the day maintain dimorphism?

Pollinator‐mediated selection on floral size and tube color in Linum pubescens: Can differential behavior and preference in different times of the day maintain dimorphism?

Fine-scale spatial genetic structure and gene dispersal in Silene latifolia

Benefits and costs to pollinating, seed-eating insects: the effect of flower size and fruit abortion on larval performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About